Chalavādi (Chalawadi, Chalwadi, Chelvadi, Chelavadi[1]) is a dravida community, mainly belonging to Karnataka, "who are generally called formerly as Adi Dravida (Balagai), Channaiah or Channayya"[2](Bidar, Belgaum, Bijapur and Dharwad districts[2]), Toti, Byagara,[citation needed] Whalliaru or Whallias,[citation needed] Holia's or Mha'rs (Belgaum side) (Synonym's: Holar[1]) is the servant of the right-hand, or eighteen-caste section of the community, and the custodian of its symbol, namely, the bell and the ladle (Gandadabatlu). These are made of brass and are connected together by a chain of the same metal, and sometimes they are placed before Sangameshwara gaddige and Pūjā made to them. The members use, among themselves, the term Balagai[3][4] as they are classed among the eighteen castes that form the right-hand section of the community in Dravida countries. Chalavadi's are well dressed and stands with a blanket under his arm. He carries a brass image of Shiva seated on a bull. The image is overshadowed with the hood of a snake and is fixed to the upper end of a brass spoon. A brass bell hangs from the handle of the spoon to the Chelvadi’s knee in front. From time to time, the Chelvadi sings hymns in honour of Shiva and rings the bell.[citation needed]
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Karnataka, India | |
| Languages | |
| Kannada | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism |
Origin edit
Chalvadi is said to be disciples of Basava. They came with the Maharaja of the Vijayanagar empire and settled in different districts. they are considered as the right-hand caste as opposed to the left-hand who are the Madars or Madiga.[citation needed]
Chalavadi's were agricultural labourers during the 17th century to 18th century and were divided into Kuliyalugalu (hired labourer's) and Muladalugalu or Mulada Holeya (hereditary serfs) depending on nature of employment in agrarian society.[5]
Subdivision edit
Karnataka edit
The important sections of Holeyas were the Pombada (Bhuta dancers), the Bakuda or Mundala, the Holeya or Mari Holeya, the Koragar (basket maker) & Nalke (Bhuta Dancers).[6] but only Holeya or Mari Holeya considered Chalavadis, not others.[citation needed]
References edit
- ^ a b "Madiga, Chaluvadi communities seek internal reservation". The Hindu. 8 February 2007. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ a b Singh, Kumar Suresh (1995). The Scheduled Castes. Vol. 10. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 9780195637427.
- ^ Rao, Nandalike Jagannath Usha (1981). Deprived Castes in India: A Profile of Karnataka. Chugh Publications. p. 335.
- ^ "Discontent in 'left' group of SCs may cost BJP dear". The Hindu. 7 March 2009. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 194. ISBN 9788170995869.
- ^ Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. p. 26. ISBN 9788170995869.