In Greek mythology, Argus (/ˈɑːrɡəs/ AR-gəs; Ancient Greek: Ἄργος, romanized: Árgos) was the builder and eponym of the ship Argo, and consequently one of the Argonauts; he was said to have constructed the ship under Athena's guidance.[1] Argus was commissioned to build the Argo by King Pelias (ruler of Iolcus) so that the crew that would come to be known as the Argonauts could find and bring the Golden Fleece back to Iolcus, which was in Thessaly.[2]
Family
editArgus' parentage is debated, but most often he is referred to be the son of Arestor. The latter was a member of the Argive royal house,[3] is given as his father by Apollonius Rhodius[4] and John Tzetzes,[5] but Hyginus says Argus' parents were Polybus and Argia[6] or Danaus to be his father.[7]
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Mythology
editIn Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Argus is said to have originated from Thespiae.[8] Argus was also credited with creating a wooden statue of Hera that was a cult image in Tiryns.[9]
King Pelias did not believe that the crew would be able to come back with the Golden Fleece successfully because he knew that the king of Colchis would not part with it easily, and that a never-sleeping dragon guarded it.[10] So the King gave Jason, leader of the Argonauts, all the timber and the crew he needed. Argus was then selected to build the ship, and he was said to have constructed the ship under Athena's guidance. Athena with the help of Argus put a piece of a sacred oak on the prow of the ship that was taken from the sacred grove of Zeus at Dodona. This sacred piece of wood has the ability to speak in times of danger and advise Jason, the leader of the Argonauts, on what to do.[3] Argus did such a great job constructing this ship that at the time it was referred to the “most seaworthy ship ever seen.[2] The Argo was also notably the first ship that Argus ever built.
Argus as one of the Argo’s crew included the very well known Greek heroes: Jason, the leader, Augeas, Theseus, Meleager, Peleus, Telamon, Nauplius, Orpheus, and Heracles. Many of the crew were fathers of Trojan War heroes.[2]
He should not be confused with the hundred-eyed giant Argus Panoptes.
In popular culture
editAs an essential element in the retelling of the story of Jason's quest for the Golden Fleece, Argus has appeared in several featured films including the 1958 Italian films Hercules and Hercules Unchained, in which he is portrayed by Italian actor Aldo Fiorelli. Other films have featured Argus as an elderly character including the 1963 film classic Jason and the Argonauts (portrayed by British actor Laurence Naismith) and the 2000 television mini-series of the same name (portrayed by British actor David Calder).
Notes
edit- ^ Apollonius Rhodius, 1 4 with scholia, 1.112; 1.226
- ^ a b c "Myth Summary". global.oup.com. Archived from the original on 2023-01-26. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ^ a b "Summary of The Argonauts and The Golden Fleece". Timeless Myths. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ^ Apollonius Rhodius, 1.112
- ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 883: "[son] of Arestor or Alector"
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 14
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 14.5
- ^ Valerius Flaccus, 1.93 & 124
- ^ Apollonius Rhodius, 1.1119 & 2.613; Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus, 4. 14. 7 referring to Demetrius' Argolica
- ^ D'Aulaire, Ingri (2012), D'Aulaires' book of Greek myths, Listening Library, ISBN 978-0-449-01419-6, OCLC 861653051, retrieved 2020-04-19
References
edit- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volume 286. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at theio.com.
- Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonauticon. Otto Kramer. Leipzig. Teubner. 1913. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.