Amir al-Dandal (born 1980) in Deir ez-Zor, also known as Sheikh Amir al-Mushref al-Dandal, is one of the leaders of the Al Uqaydat (Aghedat) tribe of Eastern Syria. He became known internationally as a political and civil society activist with the beginning of the Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War.
Dandal is the grandson of Sheikh Mushrif al-Dandal who led a tribal revolt against British forces along the banks of the Middle Euphrates in 1919.[1] His uncle Fahd Mushrif al-Dandal was an independent politician, elected to the Syrian Parliament in 1961.
Career and Activism
editThe Dandal family lived in the area of AlbouKamal and had been enjoying strong ties with several Syrian governments, including the rule of Hafez al-Assad. Amir al-Dandal was among the first tribal leaders to publicly express discontent with the way the government of Bashar al-Assad was responding to the Civil uprising that led to the Syrian Civil War. He co-sponsored a declaration demanding "dignity and freedom" for Syrians with other Sheikhs.[2]
He participated in various opposition conferences and meetings such as the Antalya Conference for Change in Syria in 2011. When the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant expanded into the territory of the Al Uqaydat in Eastern Syria, Dandal became an activist against ISIL and an acclaimed source of analysis and information from the tribal areas to international media.[3]
in 2018 his name appeared among the initiators of a civil society movement of Syrian Sunni, Alawite and other notables that had, in several secret rounds of negotiations, adopted a "Code of Conduct for Syrian Coexistence".[4] The document is intended to lay the principles of a new social contract for Syria.[5] In 2020 Dandal was elected as one of the speakers of the "Council of the Syrian Charter", a Syrian civil society body that originated in this initiative.[6] According to a BBC report from January 2020, Dandal co-authored a statement issued by the Council which rejects the idea of collective accountability or retribution among tribes and Syrian communities for crimes and violations committed during the war.[7]
References
edit- ^ HANNOYER, Jean (1989). "POLITIQUE DES NOTABLES EN SYRIE : LA NAISSANCE D'UNE VILLE (DEYR Al-ZÔR, 1850-1921)". Bulletin d'Études Orientales. 41/42: 113–142. ISSN 0253-1623. JSTOR 41608316.
- ^ Al-Baalbaky, Rudayna, Mhidi, Ahmad. "Tribes and the Rule of the Islamic State" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Looted banks fund ISIS with wealth Al-Qaeda never had". The Daily Star. 2014-06-28. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Tribal chiefs bury the hatchet: Secret Syria summit in Berlin". 28 December 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Syrian Sunni-Alawite Dialogue Forms Council to Implement Coexistence Agreement". The Syrian Observer. 2019-03-25. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "Declaration of the Council on the recent election of its spokespeople, for immediate release". سوريا ١١ (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-02-15.
- ^ McGuinness, Damien (16 January 2020). "Syria war: Society leaders hold secret peace summit in Berlin". BBC News. Retrieved 22 January 2020.