Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI
3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine[4] or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, AlI
3 is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.[5]
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Aluminium iodide | |
Other names
Aluminium(III) iodide
Aluminum iodide | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.140 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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UNII |
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UN number | UN 3260 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
AlI3, AlI3·6H2O (hexahydrate) | |
Molar mass | 407.695 g/mol (anhydrous) 515.786 g/mol (hexahydrate)[1] |
Appearance | white (anhydrous) or yellow powder (hexahydrate)[1] |
Density | 3.98 g/cm3 (anhydrous)[1] 2.63 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)[2] |
Melting point | 188.28 °C (370.90 °F; 461.43 K) (anhydrous) 185 °C, decomposes (hexahydrate)[1][2] |
Boiling point | 382 °C (720 °F; 655 K) anhydrous, sublimes[1] |
very soluble, partial hydrolysis | |
Solubility in alcohol, ether | soluble (hexahydrate) |
Structure[3] | |
Monoclinic, mP16 | |
P21/c, No. 14 | |
a = 1.1958 nm, b = 0.6128 nm, c = 1.8307 nm α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
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Formula units (Z)
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8 |
Thermochemistry[1] | |
Heat capacity (C)
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98.7 J/(mol·K) |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
195.9 J/(mol·K) |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-302.9 kJ/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Structure edit
Solid AlI
3 is dimeric, consisting of Al
2I
6, similar to that of AlBr
3.[3] The structure of monomeric and dimeric forms have been characterized in the gas phase.[6] The monomer, AlI
3, is trigonal planar with a bond length of 2.448(6) Å, and the bridged dimer, Al
2I
6, at 430 K is a similar to Al
2Cl
6 and Al
2Br
6 with Al−I bond lengths of 2.456(6) Å (terminal) and 2.670(8) Å (bridging). The dimer is described as floppy with an equilibrium geometry of D2h.
Aluminium(I) iodide edit
The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer. In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the Al–I system, although the compound AlI is unstable at room temperature relative to the triiodide:[7]
An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with triethylamine, Al
4I
4(NEt
3)
4.
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
- ^ a b Perry, Dale L. (19 April 2016). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
- ^ a b Troyanov, Sergey I.; Krahl, Thoralf; Kemnitz, Erhard (2004). "Crystal structures of GaX3(X= Cl, Br, I) and AlI3". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 219 (2–2004): 88–92. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.2.88.26320. S2CID 101603507.
- ^ Watt, George W; Hall, James L; Taylor, William Lloyd; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). "Aluminum Iodide". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 4. pp. 117–119. doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch39. ISBN 9780470132357.
- ^ Gugelchuk, M. (2004). "Aluminum Iodide". In L. Paquette (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra083. ISBN 0471936235.
- ^ Hargittai, Magdolna; Réffy, Balázs; Kolonits, Mária (2006). "An Intricate Molecule: Aluminum Triiodide. Molecular Structure of AlI3and Al2I6 from Electron Diffraction and Computation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 110 (10): 3770–3777. doi:10.1021/jp056498e. PMID 16526661.
- ^ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
External links edit
- Media related to Aluminium iodide at Wikimedia Commons