Altberg is a German-language surname. A Latvianized version: Altbergs. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexandre Altberg (1908—2009), Brazilian architect
- Erik Altberg, birth name of Eric Barclay, Swedish film actor
- Jonas Erik Altberg, better known as Basshunter, Swedish singer, record producer, songwriter and DJ
- Marco Altberg (born 1953), Brazilian screenwriter and film director
- Wihlhelm Altberg (1877—1942), Russian physicist