Alaev, Alayev (masculine), Alaeva, Alayeva (feminine) is a surname. It may be a Russian-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Eduard Alayev (born 1967), Israeli former Olympic sport shooter
- Kateryna Alaeva (born 1979), Ukrainian prima ballerina
- Leonid Alaev (1932-2023), Soviet and Russian historian and indologist
- Serhiy Alayev, Ukrainian footballer