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1920 Alabama Crimson Tide football team

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The 1920 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "UA" or "Bama") represented the University of Alabama in the 1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 27th overall and 24th season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA). The team was led by head coach Xen C. Scott, in his second year, and played their home games at University/Denny Field in Tuscaloosa and at Rickwood Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished the season with a record of ten wins and one loss (10–1 overall, 6–1 in the SIAA). This marked the first ten win season in the history of Alabama football.[1] Starting with Scott, every Alabama coach has won ten games in a season at least once, with the exception of Jennings B. Whitworth.

1920 Alabama Crimson Tide football
ConferenceSouthern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
Record10–1 (6–1 SIAA)
Head coach
CaptainSidney Johnston
Home stadiumUniversity/Denny Field
Rickwood Field
Seasons
← 1919
1921 →
1920 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Georgia + 7 – 0 – 0 8 – 0 – 1
Tulane + 5 – 0 – 0 6 – 2 – 1
Georgia Tech + 4 – 0 – 0 8 – 1 – 0
Alabama 6 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Centre 4 – 1 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Furman 3 – 1 – 0 9 – 1 – 0
South Carolina 3 – 1 – 0 5 – 4 – 0
Tennessee 5 – 2 – 0 7 – 2 – 0
Auburn 4 – 2 – 0 7 – 2 – 0
Mississippi A&M 4 – 2 – 0 5 – 3 – 0
Sewanee 3 – 3 – 1 4 – 3 – 1
Vanderbilt 3 – 3 – 0 4 – 3 – 1
Transylvania 2 – 2 – 0 3 – 4 – 0
Howard (AL) 2 – 3 – 0 3 – 5 – 1
Mississippi College 2 – 4 – 0 3 – 5 – 0
Florida 1 – 2 – 0 6 – 3 – 0
Clemson 2 – 6 – 0 4 – 6 – 1
LSU 1 – 3 – 0 5 – 3 – 1
Chattanooga 1 – 3 – 0 3 – 4 – 1
The Citadel 1 – 4 – 0 2 – 6 – 0
Ole Miss 0 – 2 – 0 4 – 3 – 0
Kentucky 0 – 3 – 1 3 – 4 – 1
Georgetown (KY) 0 – 2 – 0 0 – 3 – 0
Millsaps 0 – 3 – 0 0 – 3 – 0
Mercer 0 – 4 – 0 2 – 6 – 0
Wofford 0 – 4 – 0 0 – 8 – 1
  • + – Conference co-champions

Alabama opened the season with six consecutive shutout victories over the Southern Military Academy, Marion, Birmingham–Southern, Mississippi College, Howard, and Sewanee. In their seventh game against Vanderbilt Alabama allowed its first touchdown of the season, but won 14–7 after the Commodores threw an interception on a fourth and goal from the three-yard line in the fourth quarter.

After their shutout victory over LSU on what was the first homecoming game played at Alabama, the Crimson Tide lost their only game of the season at Atlanta against Georgia. The Bulldogs did not score on offense but won 21–14 after touchdowns were scored on a fumble return, a blocked punt return and a blocked field goal return. The loss snapped Alabama's then school-record 11-game winning streak. Alabama won their final two games against Mississippi A&M and in Cleveland at Case and finished the season 10–1.

Before the season

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After an 8–1 campaign in Scott's first season as head coach at Alabama, the Crimson Tide were viewed as a potential championship team by the media as they entered the 1920 season.[2] During the week of September 12, Alabama held its first scrimmages of the season. At that time, Scott noted his team was much "heavier" that in the previous year and he also divided the squad into initial first and second teams.[3] The "A" squad was coached by Scott and the "B" squad was coached by athletic director Charles A. Bernier.[3][4] Prior to their opening game against the Southern Military Academy on September 23, Scott announced his starting lineup for the 1920 season.[5] Additionally at that time, right guard Sidney Johnston was selected as season captain by his teammates.[6]

Schedule

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DateOpponentSiteResultAttendanceSource
September 25Southern Military Academy*
W 59–0[7]
October 2Marion*
  • University Field
  • Tuscaloosa, AL
W 49–0[8]
October 9Birmingham–Southern*
  • Denny Field
  • Tuscaloosa, AL
W 45–0[9]
October 16Mississippi College
  • Denny Field
  • Tuscaloosa, AL
W 57–0[10]
October 23Howard (AL)
  • Denny Field
  • Tuscaloosa, AL
W 33–0[11]
October 30Sewanee
W 21–06,000[12]
November 6Vanderbilt
  • Rickwood Field
  • Birmingham, AL
W 14–7[13]
November 11LSU 
  • Denny Field
  • Tuscaloosa, AL (rivalry)
W 21–0[14]
November 20at Georgia
L 14–2112,000[15]
November 25Mississippi A&M
  • Rickwood Field
  • Birmingham, AL (rivalry)
W 24–7[16]
November 27at Case*
W 40–01,000[17]
  • *Non-conference game
  •  Homecoming

[18]

Game summaries

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Southern Military Academy

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1 234Total
SMA 0 000 0
• Alabama 7 132019 59
  • Date: September 25
  • Location: University Field
    Tuscaloosa, AL

Alabama opened the 1920 season with a 59–0 shutout over the Southern Military Academy (SMA) in the only all-time game between the schools at Tuscaloosa.[19][21][22] After a slow start that saw Alabama only up by a touchdown after the first quarter, the Crimson Tide scored an additional eight touchdowns and won the game going away.[19] Mullie Lenoir scored five and both Luke Sewell and Riggs Stephenson scored a pair of touchdowns in the victory.[19] Defensively, the Crimson Tide did not allow SMA a single first down in the game.[21]

Marion Military Institute

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1 234Total
Marion 0 000 0
• Alabama 0 141421 49
  • Date: October 2
  • Location: University Field
    Tuscaloosa, AL

Against Marion, Alabama defeated the Cadets 49–0 at Tuscaloosa for their second consecutive shutout to open the season.[21][23] The Crimson Tide opened the game trying to utilize the forward pass, but were unsuccessful and held scoreless in the first quarter.[8] They then returned to the running game for the duration of the game and scored 49 unanswered points in the victory.[8] Touchdowns were scored by Mullie Lenoir three times, Ira Nichols twice and Al Clemens and J. T. O'Connor both scored once.[23] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Marion to 7–0.[24]

Birmingham–Southern

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1 234Total
BSC 0 000 0
• Alabama 7 21143 45
  • Date: October 9
  • Location: Denny Field
    Tuscaloosa, AL
  • Referee: Randolph (Virginia)

Prior to the start of their game against Birmingham–Southern, University Field was officially rededicated as Denny Field in honor of then University president George H. Denny.[27] Against the Panthers, the Crimson Tide won their third consecutive shutout, this time by a score of 45–0.[21][28] Touchdowns were scored in the game twice by Mullie Lenoir and Ira Nichols and one by both J. T. O'Connor and Riggs Stephenson.[28] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Birmingham–Southern to 2–0.[29]

The starting lineup was Al Clemens (left end), T. L. Brown (left tackle), Sidney Johnston (left guard), Tram Sessions (center), Ben Hunt (right guard), Ernest Cooper (right tackle), Tom Newton (right end), Luke Sewell (quarterback), Mullie Lenoir (left halfback), Jack Hovater (right halfback), Riggs Stephenson (fullback).[25][26]

Mississippi College

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Against the Mississippi College Choctaws, the Crimson Tide won their fourth consecutive shutout, this time by a score of 57–0 at Tuscaloosa.[21] In the game Mullie Lenoir and Riggs Stephenson each scored three touchdowns and Ira Nichols scored two.[21] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi College to 5–0.[30]

Howard

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Although both Sidney Johnston and Riggs Stephenson were out for their game against Howard (now known as Samford University), Alabama defeated the Bulldogs 33–0 at Tuscaloosa.[21][11] In the game touchdowns were scored by Mullie Lenoir four times and by J. T. O'Connor once.[11] Throughout the game, Alabama struggled to establish the passing game and fumbled the ball on several occasions.[11] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Howard to 9–0.[31]

Sewanee

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1 234Total
Sewanee 0 000 0
• Alabama 0 777 21
  • Date: October 30
  • Location: Rickwood Field
    Birmingham, AL

In what was the most anticipated game of the season to that point, Alabama defeated the Sewanee Tigers 21–0 at Rickwood Field.[21][32][33] In the first quarter, Alabama stopped a Sewanee scoring opportunity when J. T. O'Connor intercepted a Tigers' pass in the endzone.[32] With the game scoreless, the Crimson Tide then took a 7–0 lead in the second quarter after Riggs Stephenson scored on a 12-yard run.[32][33] In the third, Luke Sewell threw a long touchdown pass of 45-yards to Mullie Lenoir that extended their lead to 14–0.[32][33] In the final period, Stephenson had a 60-yard interception return for a touchdown called back on a penalty, but then made the final score 21–0 with a long touchdown run on the drive that ensued.[32]

In the game, Stephenson gained 286 and Lenoir gained 212 total yards.[21] Alabama was also heavily penalized throughout the game that resulted in touchdown runs of 65 and 35-yards by Lenoir being nullified.[32] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Sewanee to 4–9–2.[34]

Vanderbilt

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1 234Total
Vanderbilt 0 700 7
• Alabama 0 1400 14
  • Date: November 6
  • Location: Rickwood Field
    Birmingham, AL

As they entered their game against Alabama, Vanderbilt had played seven consecutive, undefeated teams.[35] Played at Birmingham, the University called a holiday and the entire school made the trip to Rickwood and saw Alabama defeat the Commodores 14–7 for their first victory over Vanderbilt in school history.[21][35]

After a scoreless first, Alabama took a 14–0 second quarter lead on touchdown runs of four-yards by Riggs Stephenson and one-yard by Mullie Lenoir.[21] Vanderbilt then responded with a short Doc Kuhn touchdown pass to Jess Neely that made the final score 14–7.[21] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 1–5.[36]

LSU

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1 234Total
LSU 0 000 0
• Alabama 0 7014 21
  • Date: November 11
  • Location: Denny Field
    Tuscaloosa, AL

On homecoming in Tuscaloosa, Alabama shutout the LSU Tigers 21–0 and extended their record to 8–0.[21][37][38] After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7–0 lead in the second on an eight-yard J. T. O'Connor touchdown run.[37][38] The score remained the same through the fourth quarter when the Crimson Tide score a pair of late touchdowns that made the final score 21–0. The first came on a 40-yard Walter Hovater pass to Mullie Lenoir and the second on a 12-yard O'Connor run.[37][38] This also marked the first time the football team played a homecoming game at the University of Alabama.[39][40][41] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 5–3.[42]

Georgia

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1 234Total
Alabama 0 770 14
• Georgia 14 007 21
  • Date: November 20
  • Location: Ponce de Leon Park
    Atlanta, GA
  • Game attendance: 12,000
 
Georgia's Artie Pew is attempting to tackle Alabama's Riggs Stephenson.

After their road win over LSU, Alabama traveled to Atlanta where they lost their only game of the season to the Georgia Bulldogs 21–14.[21][43][44] The game was unusual in that the Bulldogs did not score a single point on offense but rather scored touchdowns on a fumble return, a blocked punt return and a blocked field goal return.[43][44] Georgia took a 14–0 lead in the first five minutes of play after they capitalized on a pair of Alabama mistakes. On the second offensive play of the game, Mullie Lenoir fumbled the ball and the Bulldogs' Paige Bennett returned it 45-yards for a touchdown and 7–0 lead.[43][44] On the possession that followed, the Bulldogs' Hugh Whelchel blocked the J. T. O'Connor punt, Artie Pew recovered the ball and returned it 25-yards for a touchdown and extended the Georgia lead to 14–0.[43][44]

Alabama tied the game 14–14 as they entered the fourth quarter after touchdowns were scored by Lenoir on a short run in the second and by Al Clemens on a Riggs Stephenson pass in the third quarter.[43][44] With the game still tied late in the fourth, Alabama was to attempt a potential, game-winning 18-yard field goal. However, Buck Cheves blocked the attempt for the Bulldogs and returned it 82-yards for the game-winning touchdown. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 4–8–3.[45]

Mississippi A&M

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1 234Total
Mississippi A&M 0 070 7
• Alabama 0 1437 24
  • Date: November 25
  • Location: Rickwood Field
    Birmingham, AL

In their final home game of the season, Alabama defeated the Mississippi A&M (now known as Mississippi State University) Aggies 24–7 on Thanksgiving at Rickwood Field.[21][16] After a scoreless first, Alabama took a 14–0 halftime lead with a pair of second quarter touchdowns. The first came on a one-yard Ben Hunt run and the second on a six-yard Mullie Lenoir run.[16] After P. M. Hough cut the lead in half for the Aggies with his one-yard touchdown run in the third, the Crimson Tide closed with ten unanswered points that made the final score 24–7.[16] J. T. O'Connor scored first with his 25-yard field goal in the third and then Riggs Stephenson closed the game with an eight-yard touchdown run.[16] The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi A&M to 8–4–1.[46]

Case

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1 234Total
• Alabama 7 7719 40
Case 0 000 0
  • Date: November 27
  • Location: Van Horn Field
    Cleveland, OH
  • Game attendance: 1,000
 
Case defense having difficulty stopping Riggs Stephenson while home in Cleveland.

On November 9, officials from both Case and Alabama agreed to play on the Saturday after Thanksgiving to close the 1920 season in what was the first time the Crimson Tide played a game in the North.[39][49] The game came together as coach Scott previously coached at Case, worked for The Plain Dealer and wanted to showcase his team back in his Cleveland home.[49] Played only two days after their win over Mississippi A&M, the Crimson Tide shutout the Scientists 40–0 in the only game between the schools and captured the first ten win season in school history.[47][48][50]

Alabama brought only 17 players to Cleveland for the game that included two who were from the city and Riggs Stephenson who was expected to sign with baseball's Cleveland Indians.[51] Mullie Lenoir scored first for Alabama on a 12-yard run in the first quarter for a 7–0 lead. In the second, Stephenson threw a 30-yard touchdown pass to Al Clemens that made the halftime score 14–0.[47][48] After they extended their lead to 21–0 on a short Lenoir run in the third, the Crimson Tide closed the game with three fourth quarter touchdowns that made the final score 40–0.[47][48] Stephenson was involved with all three scored with a pair scored by himself on short runs and the third on a second pass to Clemens.[47][48]

Personnel

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Varsity letter winners

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Line

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Player Hometown Position Games
started 		Prep school Height Weight Age
T. L. Brown Jasper, Alabama Tackle
C. T. Burkhart Hanceville, Alabama End
Anthony Ray Florette Cleveland, Ohio End
E. P. Hood Birmingham, Alabama Tackle
Ben Hunt Scottsboro, Alabama Guard
Sidney Johnston Athens, Alabama Guard
William Milner Kelly Birmingham, Alabama End
William Gabriel Montgomery Birmingham, Alabama Tackle
Tom Newton Birmingham, Alabama End
Manchester Paget El Paso, Texas Guard
Harry Rowe Elba, Alabama Guard
Tram Sessions Birmingham, Alabama Center

Backfield

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Player Hometown Position Games
started 		Prep school Height Weight Age
Charles Bartlett Marlin, Texas Halfback
J. H. Emmett Albertville, Alabama Halfback
Jack Hovater Russellville, Alabama Back 190
Lelias E. Kirby Albertville, Alabama Halfback
Mullie Lenoir Marlin, Texas Halfback 144
Poc Little Birmingham, Alabama Fullback
J. T. O'Connor St. Louis, Missouri Back
Max Rosenfeld Birmingham, Alabama Quarterback 5'8" 175
Luke Sewell Titus, Alabama Quarterback 5'9" 160
Riggs Stephenson Akron, Alabama Fullback 5'10" 185

[52]

Coaching staff

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Name Position Seasons at
Alabama 		Alma mater
Xen C. Scott Head coach 2 Western Reserve
Charles A. Bernier Assistant coach 1 Hampden–Sydney

[53]

References

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General

  • Kordic, Gregory (2007). A Damn Good Yankee: Xen Scott and the Rise of the Crimson Tide. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4259-6018-6. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  • "1920 Season Recap" (PDF). RollTide.com. University of Alabama Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 17, 2013.

Specific

  1. ^ Gold, Eli (2005). Crimson Nation. Thomas Nelson, Inc. p. 27. ISBN 1-4016-0190-1.
  2. ^ "Football season is drawing near as big leagues near close". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 3, 1920. p. 5.
  3. ^ a b "Xen Scott's "Thin Red Line" has weight added to it for season". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 20, 1920. p. 6.
  4. ^ "Tram Sessions, center, is only man to have position clinched on Alabama line". New Orleans States. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 23, 1920.
  5. ^ "Brown returns to University team". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 24, 1920. p. 8.
  6. ^ "Alabama's giant tackle in game". New Orleans States. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 24, 1920. p. 14.
  7. ^ "Alabama easily defeats S.M.A., score is 59 to 0". The Birmingham News. September 26, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b c "Alabama beats Marion". Richmond Times-Dispatch. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 3, 1920. p. 4.
  9. ^ "Alabama romps on Methodist clan". The Birmingham News. October 10, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Alabama overwhelms Mississippi, 57 to 0". Jackson Daily News. October 17, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b c d "Crimson Tide wins from Howard 33–0". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 28, 1920. p. 8.
  12. ^ "Tigers tossed against rocks by Crimson Tide". The Birmingham News. October 31, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Banner of Gold and Black again trampled on bt enemy". Nashville Banner. November 7, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "L.S.U. defeated in aerial battle by Alabama, 21 to 0". The Shreveport Times. November 12, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Georgia Bulldog defeats Alabamians". The Atlanta Constitution. November 21, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "Mississippi Aggies downed by Alabama". The News & Courier. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 26, 1920. p. 6.
  17. ^ "Crimson Tide slaughters Case School team in Cleveland, 40 to 0". The Birmingham News. November 28, 1920. Retrieved February 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "1920 Alabama football archive". RollTide.com. University of Alabama Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  19. ^ a b c d "University team swamps S.M.A. in opener of season". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. September 26, 1920. p. 27.
  20. ^ "The "Thin Red Line" marches to great victory over S. M. A." The Atlanta Constitution. September 26, 1920. p. A2. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 1920 Season Recap
  22. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Southern Military Academy". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  23. ^ a b c "Marion is easy for University". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 3, 1920. p. 11.
  24. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Marion Military Institute (AL)". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  25. ^ a b "Thin red line wins from Southern". The Atlanta Constitution. October 10, 1920. p. 4. Retrieved February 11, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.  
  26. ^ a b "Alabama trims Panthers in one-sided contest". The Tennessean. October 10, 1920. p. 14. Retrieved February 11, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.  
  27. ^ "Denny Field name of Crimson ground". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 11, 1920. p. 6.
  28. ^ a b "Crimson tramples on the Panthers, 45–0". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 10, 1920. p. 8.
  29. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Birmingham–Southern". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  30. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Mississippi College". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  31. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Samford (AL)". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g "Riggs Stevenson leads Alabama to win over Sewanee". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 31, 1920. p. 7.
  33. ^ a b c d "Alabama trounces Sewanee team, 21–0". The Times-Picayune. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. October 31, 1920. p. 15.
  34. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Sewanee (TN)". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  35. ^ a b "Crimson hopes to defeat Vanderbilt". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 5, 1920. p. 8.
  36. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Vanderbilt (TN)". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  37. ^ a b c d "Louisiana unable to stop Alabama; Tigers lose 21–0". The Times-Picayune. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 12, 1920. p. 18.
  38. ^ a b c d "Crimson Tide is victor over LSU". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 12, 1920. p. 7.
  39. ^ a b Kordic, p. xiv
  40. ^ Allen, Barry. "Alabama football flashback: 1920 homecoming game". RollTide.com. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  41. ^ Tsoukalas, Tony (October 15, 2010). "Homecoming games full of classics". The Crimson White. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  42. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs LSU". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  43. ^ a b c d e f "Costly fumble cost Crimson a victory". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 21, 1920. p. 6.
  44. ^ a b c d e f "Great defense of Georgia is Alabama's end". The Ledger. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 21, 1920. p. 2.
  45. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Georgia". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  46. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Mississippi State". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  47. ^ a b c d e "Alabama Crimson swamps Case, 40 to 0". The Montgomery Advertiser. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 28, 1920. p. 12.
  48. ^ a b c d e Edwards, Henry P. (November 28, 1920). "Alabamians roll up 40–0 tally on Case". The Plain Dealer. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers.
  49. ^ a b Edwards, Henry P. (November 10, 1920). "Case–Alabama battle in this city clinched". The Plain Dealer. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. p. 12.
  50. ^ DeLassus, David. "Alabama vs Case Institute of Technology (OH)". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
  51. ^ "Alabamians will bring 17". The Plain Dealer. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers. November 12, 1920.
  52. ^ "All-Time Tide Football Lettermen". 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide Football Record Book. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Athletics Media Relations Office. 2011. pp. 127–141.
  53. ^ "All-Time Assistant Coaches". 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide Football Record Book. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Athletics Media Relations Office. 2011. pp. 142–143.
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