The Adriatic railway (Italian: Ferrovia Adriatica) is the railway from Ancona to Lecce that runs along the Adriatic Coast of Italy, following it almost all of the way. It is one of the main lines of the Italian rail system and links the northern cities with the most important productive areas of central and southern Italy.

Adriatic railway (Ancona–Lecce)
Ancona railway station
Overview
StatusOperational
Line number103, 104, 132, 133
LocaleApulia, South-East Italy
Termini
Service
SystemRete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI)
Operator(s)Ferrovie del Sud Est
History
Opened1860
Technical
Line length594 km (369 mi)
Number of tracksDouble track
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
ElectrificationElectrified at 3000 V DC
Route map

km
203.996
Ancona
to Ancona Marittima
Castellano (1569 m) / Vallemiano (4971 m)
209.500
Varano
210.473
Ancona Stadio
214.724
Camerano-Aspio
219.816
Osimo-Castelfidardo
227.498
Loreto
231.809
Porto Recanati
240.591
Potenza Picena-Montelupone
246.701
Civitanova Marche-Montegranaro
253.199
Porto Sant'Elpidio
262.295
Porto San Giorgio-Fermo
272.533
Pedaso
280.583
Cupramarittima
283.969
Grottammare
288.489
San Benedetto del Tronto
293.273
Porto d'Ascoli
302.190
Alba Adriatica-Nereto-Controguerra
305.978
Tortoreto Lido
312.355
Giulianova
321.660
Roseto degli Abruzzi
326.266
Scerne di Pineto
330.730
Pineto-Atri
337.137
Silvi
342.987
Montesilvano
349.969
Pescara
351.309
Pescara Porta Nuova
352.527
Pescara Tribunale
359.097
Francavilla al Mare
364.358
Tollo-Canosa Sannita
Nuovo Riccio (2799 m)
371.883
Ortona
connection RFI-FAS
Moro (2011 m)
Cintioni (2088 m)
378.137
San Vito-Lanciano
San Giovanni (9311 m)
388.379
Fossacesia-Torino di Sangro
Diavolo (5200 m)
398.908
Casalbordino-Pollutri
Sinello (2312 m)
404.972
Porto di Vasto
Vasto (6824 m)
416.405
Vasto-San Salvo
427.034
Montenero-Petacciato
439.437
Termoli
446.279
Campomarino
456.728
Chieuti-Serracapriola
465.204
P.M. Ripalta
472.446
P.M. Lesina
479.869
Poggio Imperiale
484.081
Apricena
495.031
497.579
San Severo
511.961
Rignano Garganico
526.027
Foggia
536.309
Incoronata
545.661
Orta Nova
560.292
Cerignola Campagna
577.692
Trinitapoli-San Ferdinando di Puglia
581.554
Margherita di Savoia-Ofantino
593.919
Barletta
606.513
Trani
614.534
Bisceglie
623.875
Molfetta
630.190
Giovinazzo
636.337
Enziteto Catino
since 1993 [1]
637.074
Bari Santo Spirito
639.055
Bari Palese-Macchie
643.467
Cabina Lamasinata
Bari Lamasinata
644.650
Bari Zona Industriale
645.647
Bari Parco Nord
to Bari Sant'Andrea
648.616
Bari Centrale
650.145
Bari Marconi
since 1992 [2]
650.715
Bari Parco Sud
660.069
Bari Torre a Mare
667.771
Mola di Bari
681.575
Polignano a Mare
689.160
Monopoli
702.989
Fasano
710.146
Cisternino
722.894
Ostuni
731.875
Carovigno
747.836
San Vito dei Normanni
759.539
Brindisi
769.473
Tuturano
776.562
San Pietro Vernotico
783.303
Squinzano
787.504
Trepuzzi
794.332
Surbo
3.571
Surbo Fascio Merci
797.903
Lecce
km
Source: Italian railway atlas[3]

The railway was built by the Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali (Italian: Company for the Southern Railways, SFM), between 1863 and 1872. In 1906, management of the line was taken over by Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. In 1933, the southernmost Lecce-Otranto segment of the line was turned over to the Ferrovie del Sud Est, which has maintained it to the present day.

History

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Shortly after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, the new government took over the granting of railway concessions, which, in prior years, had often been doled out in a haphazard manner by the different states and provisional dictatorial governments of the Italian Peninsula to various companies: canceling some, changing others and continually releasing new rights-of-way.

In November 1861 the Milan–Bologna railway line began operation, with the connection of the Milan-Piacenza line to the Piacenza-Bologna via a bridge – initially of wood but later replaced by an iron structure – across the river Po. This allowed trains from Turin and France to travel directly to the Adriatic coast along the Ancona-Bologna line, which itself had been built in November 1861 by the SFR, in what was then the Papal States.

The construction of an Adriatic line had long been desired, but had never come to pass: mainly because of the difficulty in reconciling the needs of the two countries – the Papal States and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – through whose territories the line would pass. The constitution of the kingdom of Italy in 1860 brought a resolution to this dilemma, and, as entrepreneurs in Piedmont and Lombardy desired access to Adriatic ports for closer and easier trade with Asia through the Suez Canal, construction would proceed rapidly following unification.

As early as May 1861, a detailed and complex feasibility study was presented to the Chamber of Deputies for new railways in southern Italy that were considered of vital importance. In particular, the construction of a railway along the Adriatic coast from Ancona to Brindisi and Otranto was seen as essential, as these ports were considered by many[4] to be on the verge of becoming Europe's "door to the East." At that time, several European countries were competing for the privilege of transporting the Imperial Indian Mail train (referred to in Italy as the Valigia delle Indie), in hopes of sharing in the profits of the trade between England and its vast colonial empire.[5] In July 1862, Count Pietro Bastogi, former Finance Minister of the Kingdom of Italy succeeded in putting together a consortium of 92 bankers with the huge sum (at that time) of 100 million gold lire of capital from entirely Italian sources.[6] The Società per le Strade Ferrate Meridionali (Italian: 'Company for the Southern Railways', SFM) moved quickly to build the rail line, completing the Brindisi-Lecce segment by 1866. The Lecce-Otranto segment was delayed by bitter controversies which prevented the choice of a route for many years. The last stretch of 19 miles from Maglie to Otranto was not complete until 20 September 1872.

The new Adriatic Railway allowed, for the first time, relatively rapid travel between the south and the north-central regions of Italy. In 1866, in fact, there were no railways on the Tyrrhenian coast south of Eboli. Vittorio Emanuele II on 9 November 1863 inaugurated the line with his train ride from Pescara to Foggia, following hurried work to finish the track. The public opening was postponed until 25 April 1864. In the proceedings of the first legislature of the Kingdom of Italy, the parliamentarian Leopoldo Galeotti wrote hopefully that "before long the port of Brindisi, reborn to a new life, will bring within her breast the Indian Mail, a sure sign that the commerce of the world will be drawn a second time to our seas. In a few days, thanks to the great industry of Southern Company, despite the obstacles of every kind that had to be overcome, locomotives will arrive at the port of Brindisi."[7] In September 1871 the completion of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel allowed the luxury Peninsular Express (from the same company that operated the famous Orient Express) to complete the London-Brindisi trip in 47 hours via Calais and Paris.[8]

The line was built in record time using the easiest and least demanding engineering methods (tunnels and viaducts), often near the sea. Weather was a significant cause of work interruptions, due to the heavy storms that frequently batter the Adriatic coast.

21st century: Double track

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The line was reoriented in 2004, with double tracking, for the stretch from Lesina to Apricena (saving about 2.5 km), while at the end of 2005, the railway between Ortona and Vasto Casalbordino and between the Port of Vasto and Vasto / San Salvo were also realigned; for the dual purpose of eliminating the multiple curves in the old section, and reducing the danger posed by storm surges and coastal erosion.

Between 2002 and 2006 the track between Brindisi and Lecce was doubled, followed by the segment between Bari Centrale and Fasano. In 2007 the segment between San Severo and Apricena was also given double track.

The only stretch of the Adriatic line that remains single track is from Termoli to Lesina, which is the bottleneck of the line.

Features

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A notable aspect of the Adriatic line is the almost total absence of tunnels, with the exception of the Pescara-Vasto segment, where there are seven, including three with a length greater than 5000 m. The railway is almost entirely double track, and is DC electrified to 3000 V.

Developments

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In 2023, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana has estimated the cost of a new Bologna-Ancona-Pescara-Foggia-Bari high-speed line, with trains travelling at up to 300 kilometres per hour, at between EUR 40 and 50 billion. By contrast, the cost of speeding up the existing line, with trains travelling up to 200 kilometres per hour, amounts to EUR 5 billion.[9]

See also

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References

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ Oltre Santo Spirito. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 144 (January 1994), p. 6–7.
  2. ^ Impianti FS. In: ″I Treni Oggi″ Nr. 131 (November 1992), p. 6.
  3. ^ Railway Atlas 2017, pp. 55, 61, 66, 72, 73, 79–81, 86, 87, 92.
  4. ^ Annali Universali di Statistica by Giuseppe Sacchi, Vol. CXLV, prima. Milano series, 1 st quarter 1861
  5. ^ Ernesto Petrucci The '48 and the railway question in the Papal States on page 19, History and Future 1/2002
  6. ^ Gian Guido Turchi, 150 di ferrovia in Italia, in iTreni 97, Editrice ETR, Salò,1989
  7. ^ La Prima Legislatura del regno d'Italia, Leopoldo Galeotti. Florence, Le Monnier, 1865
  8. ^ Stefano Maggi, Tra pubblico e privato. La gestione delle ferrovie nell'800 e primo '900, in Tutto Treno & Storia 22, pp. 22, 23. Duegi Editrice, Albignasego, 2002
  9. ^ "Alta velocità Adriatica, Rfi valuta l'ipotesi: Strisciuglio apre a una nuova rete" (in Italian). 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023.

Sources

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  • Tuzza, Alessandro, ed. (1927). "Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926" (in Italian). Ufficio Centrale di Statistica delle Ferrovie dello Stato/Trenidicarta.it. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  • Atlante ferroviario d'Italia e Slovenia [Railway atlas of Italy and Slovenia]. Schweers + Wall. 2010. ISBN 978-3-89494-129-1.
  • RFI, ed. (December 2003). Fascicolo Linea 103 (Ancona–Pescara) (in Italian). Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.
  • RFI, ed. (December 2003). Fascicolo Linea 104 (Pescara–Termoli) (in Italian). Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.
  • RFI, ed. (December 2003). Fascicolo Linea 132 (Termoli–Bari) (in Italian). Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.
  • RFI, ed. (December 2003). Fascicolo Linea 133 (Bari–Lecce) (in Italian). Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.