Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities ("acral"), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name "Black Death," associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of "black", that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful.[1][2]
| Acral necrosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A hand with acral gangrene due to plague | |
| Differential diagnosis | bubonic plague |
Acral necrosis may be a symptom of other diseases too. It also has been observed as an adverse event related to a medical treatment.[3][4]
Clotting and bleeding beneath the skin cause an area of haemorrhage, the presence of red blood cells lying outside of capillaries, into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In isolation, this is called an ecchymosis or bruise and may be the result of injury or illness. However, acral necrosis occurs when blood supply is disrupted for prolonged periods, blackening and damaging the affected area and surrounding tissue. With appropriate medical treatment, areas with acral necrosis may be successfully restored to function and lead a normal life. Untreated cases can lead to death.[citation needed]
References edit
- ^ Antosia, Robert; Cahill, John D. (2006). Handbook of Bioterrorism and Disaster Medicine. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 110. ISBN 9780387328041. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ Roy, Michael J. (2003). Physician's Guide to Terrorist Attack. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 92. ISBN 9781592596638. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ Khaddour, Karam; Singh, Veerpal; Shayuk, Maryna (2019-05-14). "Acral vascular necrosis associated with immune-check point inhibitors: case report with literature review". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 449. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5661-x. ISSN 1471-2407. PMC 6518656. PMID 31088420.
- ^ Reiser, M.; Bruns, C.; Hartmann, P.; Salzberger, B.; Diehl, V.; Fätkenheuer, G. (January 1998). "Raynaud's phenomenon and acral necrosis after chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 17 (1): 58–60. doi:10.1007/BF01584368. ISSN 0934-9723. PMID 9512187. S2CID 20332412.
External links edit
- eMedicine site: Description and graphic photographs
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