In mathematics, the ATS theorem is the theorem on the approximation of a trigonometric sum by a shorter one. The application of the ATS theorem in certain problems of mathematical and theoretical physics can be very helpful.

History of the problem

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In some fields of mathematics and mathematical physics, sums of the form

 

are under study.

Here   and   are real valued functions of a real argument, and   Such sums appear, for example, in number theory in the analysis of the Riemann zeta function, in the solution of problems connected with integer points in the domains on plane and in space, in the study of the Fourier series, and in the solution of such differential equations as the wave equation, the potential equation, the heat conductivity equation.

The problem of approximation of the series (1) by a suitable function was studied already by Euler and Poisson.

We shall define the length of the sum   to be the number   (for the integers   and   this is the number of the summands in  ).

Under certain conditions on   and   the sum   can be substituted with good accuracy by another sum  

 

where the length   is far less than  

First relations of the form

 

where     are the sums (1) and (2) respectively,   is a remainder term, with concrete functions   and   were obtained by G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood,[1][2][3] when they deduced approximate functional equation for the Riemann zeta function   and by I. M. Vinogradov,[4] in the study of the amounts of integer points in the domains on plane. In general form the theorem was proved by J. Van der Corput,[5][6] (on the recent results connected with the Van der Corput theorem one can read at [7]).

In every one of the above-mentioned works, some restrictions on the functions   and   were imposed. With convenient (for applications) restrictions on   and   the theorem was proved by A. A. Karatsuba in [8] (see also,[9][10]).

Certain notations

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[1]. For   or   the record

 
means that there are the constants  
and  
such that
 

[2]. For a real number   the record   means that

 
where
 
is the fractional part of  

ATS theorem

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Let the real functions ƒ(x) and   satisfy on the segment [ab] the following conditions:

1)   and   are continuous;

2) there exist numbers     and   such that

 
and
 

Then, if we define the numbers   from the equation

 

we have

 

where

 
 

 

 
 

The most simple variant of the formulated theorem is the statement, which is called in the literature the Van der Corput lemma.

Van der Corput lemma

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Let   be a real differentiable function in the interval   moreover, inside of this interval, its derivative   is a monotonic and a sign-preserving function, and for the constant   such that   satisfies the inequality   Then

 

where  

Remark

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If the parameters   and   are integers, then it is possible to substitute the last relation by the following ones:

 

where  

Additional sources

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On the applications of ATS to the problems of physics see:

  • Karatsuba, Ekatherina A. (2004). "Approximation of sums of oscillating summands in certain physical problems". Journal of Mathematical Physics. 45 (11). AIP Publishing: 4310–4321. doi:10.1063/1.1797552. ISSN 0022-2488.
  • Karatsuba, Ekatherina A. (2007-07-20). "On an approach to the study of the Jaynes–Cummings sum in quantum optics". Numerical Algorithms. 45 (1–4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 127–137. doi:10.1007/s11075-007-9070-x. ISSN 1017-1398. S2CID 13485016.
  • Chassande-Mottin, Éric; Pai, Archana (2006-02-27). "Best chirplet chain: Near-optimal detection of gravitational wave chirps". Physical Review D. 73 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 042003. arXiv:gr-qc/0512137. doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.042003. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-4BBD-B. ISSN 1550-7998. S2CID 56344234.
  • Fleischhauer, M.; Schleich, W. P. (1993-05-01). "Revivals made simple: Poisson summation formula as a key to the revivals in the Jaynes-Cummings model". Physical Review A. 47 (5). American Physical Society (APS): 4258–4269. doi:10.1103/physreva.47.4258. ISSN 1050-2947. PMID 9909432.

Notes

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  1. ^ Hardy, G. H.; Littlewood, J. E. (1914). "Some problems of diophantine approximation: Part II. The trigonometrical series associated with the elliptic θ-functions". Acta Mathematica. 37. International Press of Boston: 193–239. doi:10.1007/bf02401834. ISSN 0001-5962.
  2. ^ Hardy, G. H.; Littlewood, J. E. (1916). "Contributions to the theory of the riemann zeta-function and the theory of the distribution of primes". Acta Mathematica. 41. International Press of Boston: 119–196. doi:10.1007/bf02422942. ISSN 0001-5962.
  3. ^ Hardy, G. H.; Littlewood, J. E. (1921). "The zeros of Riemann's zeta-function on the critical line". Mathematische Zeitschrift. 10 (3–4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 283–317. doi:10.1007/bf01211614. ISSN 0025-5874. S2CID 126338046.
  4. ^ I. M. Vinogradov. On the average value of the number of classes of purely root form of the negative determinant Communic. of Khar. Math. Soc., 16, 10–38 (1917).
  5. ^ van der Corput, J. G. (1921). "Zahlentheoretische Abschätzungen". Mathematische Annalen (in German). 84 (1–2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 53–79. doi:10.1007/bf01458693. ISSN 0025-5831. S2CID 179178113.
  6. ^ van der Corput, J. G. (1922). "Verschärfung der Abschätzung beim Teilerproblem". Mathematische Annalen (in German). 87 (1–2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 39–65. doi:10.1007/bf01458035. ISSN 0025-5831. S2CID 177789678.
  7. ^ Montgomery, Hugh (1994). Ten lectures on the interface between analytic number theory and harmonic analysis. Providence, R.I: Published for the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences by the American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-0737-8. OCLC 30811108.
  8. ^ Karatsuba, A. A. (1987). "Approximation of exponential sums by shorter ones". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A. 97 (1–3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 167–178. doi:10.1007/bf02837821. ISSN 0370-0089. S2CID 120389154.
  9. ^ A. A. Karatsuba, S. M. Voronin. The Riemann Zeta-Function. (W. de Gruyter, Verlag: Berlin, 1992).
  10. ^ A. A. Karatsuba, M. A. Korolev. The theorem on the approximation of a trigonometric sum by a shorter one. Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Mat. 71:3, pp. 63—84 (2007).