Aly/REF export factor, also known as THO complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALYREF gene.[5][6]

ALYREF
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesALYREF, ALY, ALY/REF, BEF, REF, THOC4, Aly/REF export factor
External IDsOMIM: 604171; MGI: 1341044; HomoloGene: 134554; GeneCards: ALYREF; OMA:ALYREF - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005782

NM_011568

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005773

NP_035698

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 81.89 – 81.89 MbChr 11: 120.48 – 120.49 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The ALYREF gene encodes Aly/REF export factor (ALY; THO complex subunit 4, Tho4; RNA and export factor binding protein 1, Refbp1), a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that functions as a molecular chaperone and export adapter involved in nuclear export of spliced and unspliced mRNA. The TRanscription-EXport (TREX) complex, a key player in mRNA export, includes the THO subcomplex, the RNA helicase UAP56, and the RNA-binding protein ALY. In yeast, TREX is recruited co-transcriptionally; in human cells it is recruited during a late step of splicing. The human TREX complex is recruited to a region near the 5' end of mRNA by interaction of ALY and THO with the nuclear cap-binding complex. As a chaperone, ALY promotes dimerization of transcription factors containing basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domains.,[7] thereby promoting transcriptional activation. ALY has key roles in 3'-end processing of polyadenylated mRNAs and in nuclear export of both polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated mRNAs.[8][9] After mRNA binds to ALY, it is apparently transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NFX1 pathway). The full-length ALY protein (Refbp1-I, 255 amino acids encoded by six exons[10]) has a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM; amino acids 105-182) flanked by alanine/arginine/glycine-rich sequences; an N-terminal region (amino acids 16-37) is sufficient for RNA binding and interaction with the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer.[11]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183684Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025134Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Muravenko OV, Gizatullin RZ, Al-Amin AN, Protopopov AI, Kashuba VI, Zelenin AV, Zabarovsky ER (Jan 2001). "Human ALY/BEF gene Map position 17q25.3". Chromosome Res. 8 (6): 562. doi:10.1023/A:1009236126053. PMID 11032328. S2CID 6859937.
  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: ALYREF Aly/REF export factor".
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: THOC4 THO complex 4".
  8. ^ Shi M, Zhang H, Wu X, He Z, Wang L, Yin S, Tian B, Li G, Cheng H (Sep 2017). "ALYREF mainly binds to the 5' and the 3' regions of the mRNA in vivo". Nucleic Acids Res. 45 (16): 9640–9653. doi:10.1093/nar/gkx597. PMC 5766156. PMID 28934468.
  9. ^ Shi M, Zhang H, Wu X, He Z, Wang L, Yin S, Tian B, Li G, Cheng H (Mar 2019). "ALYREF links 3'-end processing to nuclear export of non-polyadenylated mRNAs". EMBO J. 38 (9): e99910. doi:10.15252/embj.201899910. PMC 6484419. PMID 30858280.
  10. ^ "Ensembl: Gene ALYREF ENSG00000183684 (human)".
  11. ^ "UniProtKB Q86V81 (THOC4_HUMAN)".

Further reading

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