An AIRMET, or Airmen's Meteorological Information, is a concise description of weather phenomena that are occurring or may occur (forecast) along an air route that may affect aircraft safety. Compared to SIGMETs, AIRMETs cover less severe weather: moderate turbulence and icing, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or more, or widespread restricted visibility. Today, according to the advancement of technology in civil aviation, the AIRMET is sent as IWXXM model.[1]
Types
editAIRMETs are broadcast on the ATIS at ATC facilities, and are referred to as Weather Advisories. AIRMETs are valid for six hours.[2] NOTE: The definition has changed and no longer says "light aircraft"; AIRMETs are intended for all aircraft.
There are three types of AIRMET, all identified by a phonetic letter: S (Sierra), T (Tango), and Z (Zulu).[3]
- AIRMET SIERRA (Mountain obscuration or IFR) ceilings less than 1000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles affecting over 50% of the area at one time; extensive mountain obscuration
- AIRMET TANGO (Turbulence) moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or greater, and/or non convective low−level wind shear.
- AIRMET ZULU (Icing) Moderate icing and provides freezing level heights.
For an authority to issue an AIRMET, applicable conditions must be widespread. "Widespread" means that the applicable area covers at least 3000 square miles. Because conditions across the forecast period can move across the area, it is possible that only a small portion of the area is affected at any time. AIRMETs are routinely issued for six-hour periods beginning at 0145Z during Daylight Saving Time and at 0245Z during Standard Time. AIRMETS are also amended as necessary due to changing weather conditions or issuance/cancellation of a SIGMET.
Dissemination And Structure
editMost AIRMET dissemination is done graphically now, but computer systems use a text-based AIRMET, which is identical in structure to a SIGMET, with the only difference being that the "SIGMET" identifier in the First Line is replaced by the three type identifiers listed above.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Latifiyan, Pouya; Entezari, Mojtaba (March 2024). "IWXXM Amendment (ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model)". CATC Robex and Statics Conferences - 2024. Tehran, Iran.
- ^ ICAO Annex 3 Chapter 7
- ^ Chapter 7. Safety of Flight
- ^ "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge". Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
External links
edit- "FAA Aeronautical Information Manual". FAA. Ch 7 "Safety of Flight", Section "Meteorology". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012.
- "What is an AIRMET". ZHU training. Aviation Weather Center, Kansas City, Missouri: National Weather Service.
- "AIRMET". Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL). Advisory Circular. Aviation Weather Services: FAA. AC 00-45G. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013.
- Graphical representation of AIRMETs can be found at: AWC - Aviation Weather Center. Select the G-AIRMET checkbox for "Graphical AIRMET".
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