The 1944 Kearsley Shire Council election was held on 2 December 1944 to elect eight councillors to Kearsley Shire. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in New South Wales, Australia.[1]
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The election was notable for resulting in five members of the Australian Communist Party being elected. According to the party's official newspaper, Tribune, this was the first time a communist party had won a local government majority in the English-speaking world.[2][3]
As of 2024, this is the most seats won by a communist political party in Australia in a single LGA. The present-day Communist Party of Australia had one councillor elected to Auburn City Council from 2012 until 2016, which remains its only electoral victory.[4]
Background edit
Kearsley Shire was one of 138 shire councils in New South Wales in 1944. It was based in Cessnock, and also included the towns of Branxton, Greta and Kearsley. The council was split into four two-member wards (also known as ridings) − A Riding, B Riding, C Riding and D Riding.[5][6]
During World War II, the party (although banned from 1940 to 1942) rose in popularity. Its membership rose to 20,000, it won control of a number of important trade unions, and a Communist candidate, Fred Paterson, was elected to the Queensland parliament in April 1944.[7]
In late 1944, the party launched a campaign to get its members elected to councils. At the statewide local elections in December, a total of 16 Communist candidates won seats across six different LGAs, with its best results in Kearsley and neighbouring Cessnock.[7]
Results edit
Five Communist councillors were elected, giving the party a majority. The party's best result was in B Riding, where the Communist ticket had 74% of the vote. Both independent councillors in A Riding were re-elected unopposed.[8][9][10]
| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist | 4,149 | 52.29 | +52.29 | 5 |  5
| ||
| Independent | 3,084 | 38.86 | 2 | ||||
| Labor | 703 | 8.85 | 1 | ||||
| Formal votes | 7,936 | 100.0 | |||||
A Riding edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | A. Collins (elected) | unopposed | |||
| Independent | L. Blackwell (elected) | unopposed | |||
B Riding edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist | Bill Varty (elected) | 1,033 | 40.92 | +40.92 | |
| Communist | Allan Opie (elected) | 838 | 33.20 | +33.20 | |
| Various independents | 653 | 25.88 | |||
| Total formal votes | 2,524 | 100.0 | |||
| Party total votes | |||||
| Communist | 1,871 | 74.12 | +74.12 | ||
| Independent | 653 | 25.88 | |||
C Riding edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Various independents | 1,153 | 46.88 | |||
| Labor | A. Johnson (elected) | 703 | 28.57 | ||
| Communist | James Palmer (elected) | 604 | 24.55 | +24.55 | |
| Total formal votes | 2,460 | 100.0 | |||
| Party total votes | |||||
| Independent | 1,153 | 46.88 | |||
| Labor | 703 | 28.57 | |||
| Communist | 604 | 24.55 | +24.55 | ||
D Riding edit
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Various independents | 1,278 | 43.30 | |||
| Communist | Jock Graham (elected) | 893 | 30.25 | +30.25 | |
| Communist | Nellie Simm (elected) | 781 | 26.45 | +26.45 | |
| Total formal votes | 2,952 | 100.0 | |||
| Party total votes | |||||
| Communist | 1,674 | 56.70 | +56.70 | ||
| Independent | 1,278 | 43.30 | |||
Aftermath edit
Following the election, councillors voted for William "Bill" Varty to serve as shire president. Between 1930 and 1943, prior to running as a Communist, Varty had served in the position for four (yearly) terms, along with two years as deputy president.[7] He was also a former Australian Labor Party (ALP) and State Labor Party member.[3]
Reacting to the election of the Communists, other councils − including Albury, Maitland, Muswellbrook and Taree − accused Kearley of "deplorable action" and "disloyalty".[7] However, Lake Macquarie (which itself had elected three Communist councillors) co-operated with Kearsley.[13]
After the election, the council was committed to municipal socialism, advocating nationalisation of electricity and the expansion of the social wage, and was unique for its commitment to activism around federal and international affairs.[7]
1947 election edit
Ahead of the 1947 local elections, the state Labor government introduced compulsory voting for local elections, seen as an attempt to give them an advantage and harm the Communist Party.[7]
Allan Opie resigned from council on 14 August 1947, and Bernard Tonner took his place as one of the candidates on the Communist ticket in B Riding.[7]
The elections saw Communist Party councillors defeated in five LGAs, with no members re-elected in Kearsley (although their actual number of votes rose, their percent of the vote went down). Five Labor candidates, including incumbent C Riding councillor A. Johnson, were elected.[7]
Former councillor Mary Ellen "Nellie" Simm later ran for the party at the 1950 state election in Kurri Kurri, and again at the 1951 Australian Senate election.[14]
References edit
- ^ "Local Government Election Results". Sydney Morning Herald. 4 December 1944.
- ^ "NELLIE SIMM — A MODEL OF CONSISTENCY AND COURAGE". Tribune. 3 August 1983.
- ^ a b "KEARSLEY COUNCIL ELECTS PRESIDENT". Tribune. 21 December 1944.
- ^ "Auburn City Council". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2014-08-22. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Little Interest in Local Elections". Sydney Morning Herald. 4 December 1944.
- ^ "Shire of Kearsley: Town improvement districts (111)". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. 17 September 1948. p. 2471 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Mowbray, Martin (November 1986). "The Red Shire of Kearsley, 1944-1947: Communists in Local Government" (PDF). Labour History. 51 (51). Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, Inc.: 83–94. doi:10.2307/27508799. JSTOR 27508799. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2018.
- ^ "Kearsley Shire nominations". Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder. CESSCessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder. 10 October 1944.
- ^ "Candidates for election". Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder. 10 November 1944.
- ^ "Labor beaten". National Advocate. 4 December 1944.
- ^ "Declarations of Poll" (PDF). Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder. 9 December 1944. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-04-19.
- ^ "LABOUR'S BID FAILS IN NEWCASTLE". Newcastle Morning Herald And Miners' Advocate. No. 22, 209. New South Wales, Australia. 8 December 1947. p. 1 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "12.1.45:1". Cessnock Eagle and South Maitland Recorder.
- ^ "Mary Ellen (Nellie) Simm (1901–1983)". People Australia.