The voiceless retroflex flap or tap is a sound that has been reported to occur as a dialectal realization of /ʂ/ in the Dhivehi language.[1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɽ̊⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r`_0.
| Voiceless retroflex flap | |
|---|---|
| ɽ̊ | |
| IPA Number | 105 402B |
| Encoding | |
| Unicode (hex) | U+027D U+030A |
| X-SAMPA | r`_0 |
Features
editFeatures of the voiceless retroflex flap:
- Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhivehi | Some dialects[1] | [example needed] | May be a trill instead.[1] Corresponds to /ʂ/ in other dialects.[1] | ||
| Norwegian | Selbu dialect | mølk | [mœɽ̊k] | 'milk' | Uncommon allophone of /ɽ/ before k and p.[2] |
| Swedish | Ångermanland dialect | mjölk | [mi̯ɔɽ̊k] | 'milk' | Retroflex pronunciation of /l/ before k and p always voiceless in western Ångermanland dialects.[3] |
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Maumoon (2002:35)
- ^ Dalen, Arnold (15 October 2008). Trøndersk språkhistorie. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 978-82-519-2330-9.
- ^ Nordlander, Johan (1933). Ordbok över Multråmålet (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes bokförlag. pp. VIII.
References
edit- Maumoon, Yumna (2002), A General Overview of the Dhivehi Language (PDF), Male: National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research, ISBN 99915-1-032-X