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Islam is the second largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or roughly 172 million people identifying as adherents of Islam ([[2011 Census of India|2011 census]]).<ref name="censusIndia2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Muslim-population-growth-slows/article10336665.ece|title=Muslim population growth slows|first1=Rukmini|last1=S|first2=Vijaita|last2=Singh|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 August 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/indias-population-121-09-crores-hindus-79-8-pc-muslims-14-2-pc-census/|title=Census 2011: Muslims record decadal growth of 24.6 pc, Hindus 16.8 pc|date=24 January 2015|author=Abantika Ghosh, Vijaita Singh|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2015-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/hxXBcoatDPlDVgcjecQDfJ/Muslim-politics-At-a-crossroads.html|title=Muslim politics:At a crossroads|website=livemint.com|date=30 May 2014|publisher=Livemint|access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="autob">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/over-180-million-muslims-in-india-but-they-are-not-part-of-global-terror-groups-govt/|title=Over 180 million Muslims in India but they are not part of global terror groups: Govt|date=24 February 2015|author=Vijaita Singh|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2015-02-24}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Muslim-representation-on-decline/articleshow/48737293.cms|title=Muslim representation on decline|date=31 August 2015|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2015-08-31}}</ref><ref name="muslimstatesinIndia2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-untold-census-story|title=The Untold Census Story|date=15 March 2014|work=OpenMagazine-PR Ramesh}}</ref> The estimated number of Muslims in India for 2024 is projected to be around 204,760,392.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://theworldstatistics.com/religion-population-in-india/ | title = Religion Population in India }}</ref> It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside [[Islam by country|Muslim-majority]] countries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=nationsonline.org |first1=klaus kästle- |title=Islamic world, countries with a cultural Islamic population - Nations Online Project |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/muslim-countries.htm |website=www.nationsonline.org |access-date=7 January 2021 |language=en-us}}</ref>
Though Islam came to India in the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders in [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] coast, Kerala, it started to become a major religion during the Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="Islam and Muslims in India">{{cite journal |last1=Zafar |first1=Abu |title=Islam and Muslims in India-Science and Technology Division, Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in New Delhi-MOST |website=www.most.gov.tw |url=https://www.most.gov.tw/india/en/detail?article_uid=2aa33c74-76a5-4801-9384-c50db054d8dd&menu_id=bef3dee0-c8c5-42c0-8aba-acbe2bf91793&content_type=P&view_mode=gridView |access-date=7 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Cheraman Juma Mosque]] is the first mosque in India located in Methala, Kodungallur Taluk, Thrissur District in Kerala.<ref name="Cheraman Juma Masjid">{{cite web |title=Cheraman Juma Masjid - the first mosque in India {{!}} Religious sites at Muziris Heritage Area, Ernakulam |url=https://www.muzirisheritage.org/cheraman-juma-masjid.php |website=www.muzirisheritage.org |publisher=Cheraman Juma Masjid |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> A legend claims that it was built in 629 CE, which makes it the oldest mosque in the Indian subcontinent which is still in use.<ref name="Cheraman Juma Masjid"/> It was built by Malik Deenar, Persian companion of the Islamic Prophet [[Muhammad]], on the orders of the successor of Cheraman Perumal, the Chera King of modern-day Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nambiar |first1=Sridevi |title=The Story Behind India's Oldest Mosque |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/the-story-behind-indias-oldest-mosque/ |website=Culture Trip |date=26 July 2017 |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> Islam's spread in India mostly took place under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1206–1526) and the [[Mughal Empire]] (1526–1858), greatly aided by the mystic [[Sufism|Sufi]] tradition.<ref>{{cite web |author=chandru |url=http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers10%5Cpaper924.html |title=SUFISM IN INDIA: Its origin, history and politics |publisher=Southasiaanalysis.org |access-date=2011-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218075000/http://southasiaanalysis.org/papers10/paper924.html |archive-date=18 December 2010 |df=dmy-all
== Census statistics ==
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