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Edit to make the article better. Reducing the Mongol aspect???
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Rv, sigh. It is still not Babur who says that bit about the Mongol invasion, its the authors translating his book. Perhaps you should read the citations before you start changing information
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==Origin==
[[File:Emir Khwaja.gif|thumb|200px|A miniature of [[Muhammad Khwaja|Emir Muhammad Khwaja]]]]
Despite being one of the principal population elements of Afghanistan,<ref>{{Citation |last=Monsutti |first=Alessandro |title=Hazāras |date=2017-07-01 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/hazaras-COM_30419 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], THREE |publisher=Brill |language=en |quote=The Hazāras are a principal component of the population of Afghanistan. |access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. However, due to genetic and linguistic analysis, Hazaras are described as an ethnically [[Mixed ethnicity|mixed ethnic group]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Bosworth |first=C. E. |title=Hazāras |date=2012-04-24 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hazaras-SIM_8617?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=Hazaras |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], Second Edition |publisher=Brill |language=en |quote=The Hazāras are almost certainly an Ethnically mixed group, whose components may or may not be related to each other. |access-date=2022-05-08}}</ref> with Hazaras sharing varying degrees of ancestry with contemporary [[Mongolic peoples|Mongolic]],<ref name="Temirkhanov">Temirkhanov L. (1968). [https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf "О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"]. Советская этнография. 1. P. 86. In Russian: ''"...монгольские отряды, оставленные в Афганистане Чингиз-ханом или его преемниками, стали исходным пластом, основой хазарейского этногенеза. "''</ref><ref name="Bacon">{{cite book |last=Bacon |first=Elizabeth Emaline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lkVIAQAAMAAJ |title=The Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan: A Study in Social Organization |date=1951 |publisher=University of California |location=Berkeley}}</ref><ref name="bigenc"/> [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=دلجو |first=عباس |title=تاریخ باستانی هزاره‌ها |date=2018 |publisher=موسسه انتشارات مقصوی، کابل |isbn=978-9936-624-00-9 |location=کابل، افغانستان |pages=37, 167, 257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Babur |first=(Emperor of Hindustan) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173 |title=Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan |date=1826 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartl |first1=Daniel L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfvILxY9tCIC |title=Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes |last2=Jones |first2=Elizabeth W. |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7637-5868-4 |page=262}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martínez-Cruz |first1=Begoña |last2=Vitalis |first2=Renaud |last3=Ségurel |first3=Laure |last4=Austerlitz |first4=Frédéric |last5=Georges |first5=Myriam |last6=Théry |first6=Sylvain |last7=Quintana-Murci |first7=Lluis |last8=Hegay |first8=Tatyana |last9=Aldashev |first9=Almaz |last10=Nasyrova |first10=Firuza |last11=Heyer |first11=Evelyne |date=2011 |title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=216–223 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153 |issn=1476-5438 |pmc=3025785 |pmid=20823912 |quote=Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Pengyu |last2=Adnan |first2=Atif |last3=Rakha |first3=Allah |last4=Wang |first4=Mengge |last5=Zou |first5=Xing |last6=Mo |first6=Xiaodan |last7=He |first7=Guanglin |date=2019-08-18 |title=Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483 |journal=Annals of Human Biology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=514–518 |doi=10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483 |issn=0301-4460 |pmid=31559868 |s2cid=203569169 |quote=Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.}}</ref> and [[Iranian peoples|Iranic]] populations.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bosworth |first=C. E. |title=Hazāras |date=2012-04-24 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hazaras-SIM_8617?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=Hazaras |access-date=2022-05-08 |publisher=Brill |language=en |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], Second Edition}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-2 |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=Iranicaonline.org}}</ref> [[Babur]], the founder of the [[Mughal Empire]] in the early 16th century, recorded the name "Hazara" in the ''[[Baburnama]]'' and referred to a population of Hazaras as "[[First Campaign against Turkoman Hazaras|Turkoman Hazaras]]"<ref>{{cite book |last=Babur |first=Z. M. |title=Babur-nama |year=1987 |location=Lahore |pages=300, 207, 214, 218, 221, 251–53}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Babur |first=Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173 |title=Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |year=1826 |language=en}}</ref> and according to him, theThe external characteristics of some Hazaras and [[Aimaq people|Char Aimaks]] are Mongolian, and they are probably a relic of the [[Mongol invasion]].<ref name="Babur"/> Additionally, overall Hazaras share a common racial structure and physical appearance with the Turkic people of [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martínez-Cruz |first1=Begoña |last2=Vitalis |first2=Renaud |last3=Ségurel |first3=Laure |last4=Austerlitz |first4=Frédéric |last5=Georges |first5=Myriam |last6=Théry |first6=Sylvain |last7=Quintana-Murci |first7=Lluis |last8=Hegay |first8=Tatyana |last9=Aldashev |first9=Almaz |last10=Nasyrova |first10=Firuza |last11=Heyer |first11=Evelyne |date=2011 |title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=216–223 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153 |issn=1476-5438 |pmc=3025785 |pmid=20823912 |quote=Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.}}</ref><ref name="Pengyu Chen2">{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Pengyu |last2=Adnan |first2=Atif |last3=Rakha |first3=Allah |last4=Wang |first4=Mengge |last5=Zou |first5=Xing |last6=Mo |first6=Xiaodan |last7=He |first7=Guanglin |date=2019-08-18 |title=Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483 |journal=Annals of Human Biology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=514–518 |doi=10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483 |issn=0301-4460 |pmid=31559868 |s2cid=203569169 |quote=Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=دلجو |first=عباس |title=تاریخ باستانی هزاره‌ها |date=2018 |publisher=موسسه انتشارات مقصوی، کابل |isbn=978-9936-624-00-9 |location=کابل، افغانستان |page=257}}</ref> [[Babur]], the founder of the [[Mughal Empire]] in the early 16th century, recorded the name "Hazara" in the ''[[Baburnama]]'' and several times referred to a group of Hazaras as "[[First Campaign against Turkoman Hazaras|Turkoman Hazaras]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Babur |first=Z. M. |title=Babur-nama |year=1987 |location=Lahore |pages=300, 207, 214, 218, 221, 251–53}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Babur |first=Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173 |title=Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |year=1826 |language=en}}</ref>
 
Over the course of centuries, invading [[Mongols|Mongol]] ([[Turco-Mongols|Turco-Mongol]]) and [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] invaders, notably, the [[Qara'unas]], the [[Chagatai Khanate|Chagatai Turco-Mongols]], the [[Ilkhanate]], and the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurids]], merged with the local [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] Turkic and Iranic populations. Academics agree that Hazaras are ultimately the result of a combination of several Turkic, Mongolic, and Iranic tribes.<ref>B. Campbell, Disappearing people? Indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia in Barbara Brower, Barbara Rose Johnston (Ed.) International Mountain Society, California, 2007</ref>
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Some analysis argues that the Hazaras are closely related to the Turkic populations of Central Asia, rather than [[Mongolians]] and [[East Asians]] or [[Indo-Iranians]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Martínez-Cruz |first1=Begoña |last2=Vitalis |first2=Renaud |last3=Ségurel |first3=Laure |last4=Austerlitz |first4=Frédéric |last5=Georges |first5=Myriam |last6=Théry |first6=Sylvain |last7=Quintana-Murci |first7=Lluis |last8=Hegay |first8=Tatyana |last9=Aldashev |first9=Almaz |last10=Nasyrova |first10=Firuza |last11=Heyer |first11=Evelyne |date=2011 |title=In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=216–223 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.153 |issn=1476-5438 |pmc=3025785 |pmid=20823912 |quote=Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.}}</ref>
 
In other study the results from pairwise genetic distances, MDS, PCA, and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction demonstrate that present-day Hazaras are genetically closer to the Turkic-speaking populations such as(Uyghur, [[Uyghurs]]Kazakh, [[Kazakhs]] and [[Kyrgyz people]]) residing mainly in [[Xinjiangnorthwest UyghurChina Autonomousthan with other Central/South Asian populations and Region]]Mongolian. Outgroup and admixture f3, f4, f4-ratio, qpWave, and qpAdm results further demonstrate that Hazara shares more alleles with East Asians than with other Central Asians and carries 57.8% Mongolian-related ancestry. Hazaras have experienced genetic admixture with the local or neighboring populations and formed the current East-West Eurasian admixed genetic profile after their separation from the Mongolians.<ref name="Guanglin He" /><ref name="Atif Adnan">{{cite journal |last1=Adnan |first1=Atif |last2=Wen |first2=Shao-Qing |last3=Rakha |first3=Allah |last4=Alghafri |first4=Rashed |last5=Nazir |first5=Shahid |last6=Rehman |first6=Muhammad |last7=Wang |first7=Chuan-Chao |last8=Lu |first8=Jie |date= |title=Forensic features and genetic legacy of the Baloch population of Pakistan and the Hazara population across Durand-line revealed by y chromosomal STRS |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.21.392456v1.full |journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1101/2020.11.21.392456 |access-date=}}</ref>
 
=== Paternal haplogroups ===
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The Hazaras speak the [[Dari]] and [[Hazaragi]] [[Persian dialects|dialects]] of the [[Persian language]].<ref name="Attitudes Towards Hazaragi">{{cite web|url=http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1224&context=theses|title=Attitudes towards Hazaragi|access-date=June 5, 2014 |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref name="hazara-4">{{cite encyclopedia |first=Charles M. |last=Kieffer |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=HAZĀRA |trans-title=iv. Hazāragi dialect |url=http://iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-4 |access-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Monsutti |first=Alessandro |title=Hazāras |date=2017-07-01 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/hazaras-COM_30419 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], THREE |publisher=Brill |language=en |quote=They speak a Persian dialect with many Turkic and a few Mongolian words. |access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bosworth |first=C. E. |title=Hazāras |date=2012-04-24 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hazaras-SIM_8617?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=Hazaras |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], Second Edition |publisher=Brill |language=en |access-date=2022-05-08}}</ref>
 
According to [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], Hazaragi is a Persian dialect, which is infused with many [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and a few [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] words or loanwords.<ref>{{Citation |last=Monsutti |first=Alessandro |title=Hazāras |date=2017-07-01 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/hazaras-COM_30419 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]], THREE |publisher=Brill |language=en |quote=They speak a Persian dialect with many Turkic and a few Mongolian words. |access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref> According to [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], the Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] words.<ref name="britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hazara "Hazara people • Britannica"] In English: ''"The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words."''</ref> According to [[Encyclopaedia Iranica]], the Hazaras speak a Persian dialect with many Turkic and some Mongolic words.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Encyclopaedia Iranica |title=HAZĀRA |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-1 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=iranicaonline.org |language=en-US |quote=The Hazāras speak a Persian dialect with many Turkish and some Mongolian words.}}</ref><ref name="Iranica-Afghanistan">{{cite web |work=[[Louis Dupree (professor)|L. Dupree]] |date=December 15, 1983 |publisher=Encyclopædia Iranica |title=AFGHANISTAN iv. Ethnography |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-iv-ethnography |edition=Online |location=United States}}</ref><ref>Malistani, A.&nbsp;H. Tariq and Gehring, Roman (compilers) (1993) '' Farhang-i ibtidal-i milli-i Hazarah : bi-inzimam-i tarjamah bih Farsi-i Ingilisi = Hazaragi&nbsp;– Dari/Persian- English: a preliminary glossary'' A.&nbsp;H. Tariq Malistani, Quetta, {{OCLC|33814814}}</ref><ref name="Farhadi">Farhadi, A.&nbsp;G. Ravan (1955). ''Le persan parlé en Afghanistan: Grammaire du kâboli accompagnée d'un recuil de quatrains populaires de la région de Kâbol''. Paris.</ref> According other sources, the Hazara population speaks Persian with some Mongolian words.<ref name="Atif Adnan" /><ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"/> According to an Iranica article on the language of Hazaras, the present dialect to consist of three strata: (1) pre-Mongol Persian, with its own substratum; (2) the Mongolian language; and (3) modern tājiki, which preserves in it elements of (1) and (2).<ref name="hazara-4" /> The primary differences between Persian and Hazaragi are the accent.<ref name="hazara-4" /> Despite these differences, Hazaragi is mutually intelligible with Dari,<ref name="Attitudes Towards Hazaragi" /> the [[Languages of Afghanistan|official language of Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Languages in Afghanistan|url=https://swedishcommittee.org/afghanistan/language|access-date=2021-02-14|website=The Swedish Committee for Afghanistan (SCA)}}</ref>
 
According to Doctor of Sciences Lutfi Temirkhanov, the ancestors of the Hazaras were Mongol-speaking<ref name="Temirkhanov"/><ref name="TemirkhanovLutfi"/> and only after the resettlement, they mixed with the Persian-speaking and Turkic-speaking population: ''"hordes of Mongol princes and feudal lords found themselves in a Persian-speaking encirclement; they mixed with them, were influenced by the Persian-Tajik culture and gradually adopted the Persian language"''.<ref name="TemirkhanovLanguage">Temirkhanov L. (1968). [https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf "О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"]. Советская этнография. 1. P. 93-94. In Russian: ''"орды монгольских царевичей и феодалов оказались в таджикском окружении; они смешивались с таджиками, подвергались влиянию персидско-таджикской культуры и постепенно принимали язык таджиков, отсюда и таджикская речь хазарейцев"''.</ref> According to a number of sources, in the 16th century during the life of [[Babur]] some of them spoke a [[Mongolian language]].<ref name="Массон, Ромодин" /><ref name="Bartold" /><ref name="Iranica" /> According to the [[Great Russian Encyclopedia]] an other sources, until the 19th century some Hazaras spoke Mongolian.<ref name="bigenc" /><ref name="Vámbéry" /><ref name="Petrushevsky" /><ref name="Forensic Science International" /> And according to Temirkhanov, the Mongolian elements make up 10% of the Hazara vocabulary.<ref name="TemirkhanovVocabulary"> Temirkhanov L. (1968). [https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf "О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"]. Советская этнография. 1. P. 91. In Russian: ''"монгольские элементы составляют 10% хазарейской лексики"''.</ref> The Turkic and Mongolic words make up about 20% of the vocabulary of Hazaragi dialect.<ref>{{Cite book |last=خاوری |first=محمد جواد |title=امثال و حِکم مردم هزاره |publisher=نشر عرفان |location=مشهد |page=16}}</ref>
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