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Introduction
Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic drinks in the world, the most widely consumed, and the third most popular drink after water and tea. Beer is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. The fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent. Other flavouring agents, such as gruit, herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.
Some of the earliest writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating it, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, a recipe for it.
Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV).
Beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes, and pub games. (Full article...)
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Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species.
Some yeast species have the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae, or quickly evolve into a multicellular cluster with specialised cell organelles function. Yeast sizes vary greatly, depending on species and environment, typically measuring 3–4 μm in diameter, although some yeasts can grow to 40 μm in size. Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by the asymmetric division process known as budding. With their single-celled growth habit, yeasts can be contrasted with molds, which grow hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions) are called dimorphic fungi. (Full article...)Selected brand -
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Arthur Guinness (c. 24 September 1725 – 23 January 1803) was an Irish brewer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. The inventor of Guinness beer, he founded the Guinness Brewery at St. James's Gate in 1759.
Guinness was born in Ardclogh, near Celbridge, County Kildare, in 1725. His father was employed by Arthur Price, a bishop of the Church of Ireland. Guinness himself was later employed by Price, and upon his death in 1752, both he and his father were bequeathed funds from Price's will. Guinness then worked at his stepmother's public house before founding a brewery in Leixlip. In 1759, during a financial crisis that created an abundance of affordable property, Guinness moved to Dublin and purchased an abandoned brewery from the Rainsford family. It was originally an ale brewery, but Guinness began producing porter in 1778, and by 1799, production of ale ceased with the popularity of his darker beer. (Full article...)Did you know (auto-generated) -
- ... that Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority general manager Phillip Eng brews his own beer?
- ... that at the 1965 World Pentathlon Championships, Herbert Polzhuber was said to have drunk ten beers and a bottle of cognac before firing his pistol at the ground and passing out?
- ... that the country song "Beer Beer, Truck Truck" was based on a viral TikTok video by Erynn Chambers intended to satirize country music?
- ... that Abeer Odeh was the first woman to serve as Minister of National Economy in Palestine?
- ... that the debate in "Game On" invokes the beer question?
- ... that some online social and "Barstool conservatives" spent their Christmas holidays arguing about whether a beer promotional calendar was "demonic"?
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General images
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Cask ales with gravity dispense at a beer festival (from Brewing) -
Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita (from Craft beer) -
Philistine pottery beer jug (from History of beer) -
Modern closed fermentation vessels (from Brewing) -
The Alulu beer receipt records a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BC from the Sumerian city of Umma in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). (from Brewing) -
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A 16th-century brewery (from Brewing) -
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Pasteur Street Brewing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (from Craft beer) -
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Yeast ring used by Swedish homebrewers in the 19th century to preserve the yeast between brewing sessions. (from History of beer) -
A replica of ancient Egyptian beer, brewed from emmer wheat by the Courage brewery in 1996 (from History of beer) -
A funerary model of a bakery and brewery, from the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, c. 2009–1998 BCE (from History of beer) -
World beer consumption per capita (from History of beer) -
Irish Craft Beer Festival, 2015 (from Craft beer) -
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Spent grain, a brewing by-product (from Brewing) -
Diatomaceous earth, used to create a filtration bed (from Brewing) -
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Põhjala Brewery, Estonia (from Craft beer) -
Robohop, a session IPA from Cervisiam in Oslo, Norway (from Craft beer) -
A selection of French craft beers (from Craft beer) -
A yard of ale at Jolly Brewery, Taiwan (from Craft beer) -
Bergenhus microbrewery, Bergen, Norway (from Craft beer) -
Open vessels showing fermentation taking place (from Brewing) -
Bottling beer in a modern facility, 1945, Australia (from History of beer) -
Alulu beer receipt recording a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BCE, from the Sumerian city of Umma in ancient Iraq. (from History of beer)
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A can of Juicy Ass IPA from Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery in Barrie, Ontario, Canada (from Craft beer) -
Conditioning tanks at Anchor Brewing Company (from Brewing) -
D. G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the US, established in 1829. It is also the largest craft brewer, and the 6th largest brewing company overall. (from Craft beer) -
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Gambrinus – king of beer (from History of beer) -
Spontaneous fermentation at Timmermans in Belgium (from Brewing) -
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A 16th-century brewery (from History of beer)
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A mash tun at the Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent (from Brewing) -
Casks of real ale from British microbreweries at a beer festival (from Craft beer)
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Traditional fermenting building (center) and modern fermenting building (left) in Pilsner Urquell Brewery (Czech Republic) (from History of beer) -
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Bill Urquhart at Litchborough Brewery (from Craft beer) -
Lauter tun (from Brewing) -
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A beer sommelier tapping a barrel for a taste at Nebraska Brewing Company (from Craft beer) -
Brew kettles at Brasserie La Choulette in France (from Brewing)
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| “ | Beer, if drunk with moderation, softens the temper, cheers the spirit and promotes health | ” |
| — Thomas Jefferson |
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WikiProjects
WikiProject Beer is an association of Wikipedians with an interest in beer and beer-related subjects. They have come together to coordinate the development of beer and brewery articles here on Wikipedia. Additionally, other groups have formed other projects that entertain subjects that are directly related to beer, bartending and pubs. Additionally, the mixed drinks project covers topics that include beer cocktails. If any of these subjects pique your interest, please feel free to visit their projects. These groups would love to have you participate!
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