| Sialadenitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Sialoadenitis |
 | |
| Micrograph showing chronic sialadenitis. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | ENT surgery |
| Symptoms | Acute: Sudden onset of one sided pain, fever, and swelling[1][2] Chronic: Recurrent episodes of tenderness and swelling, often with eating[1] |
| Complications | Abscess formation[1] |
| Usual onset | 50s to 70s[2][3] |
| Types | Acute, chronic[4] |
| Causes | Acute: Bacterial infection, mumps[1] Chronic: Duct narrowing, salivary stone[1] |
| Risk factors | Salivary stones, chronic illness, Sjögren syndrome, anorexia[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, may be supported by medical imaging[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Sialadenosis, Mikulicz syndrome, salivary gland tumor[4] |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, rehydration, gland message, lemon drops, surgery[4][1] |
Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland.[4] Most commonly it involves the parotid, submandibular, or sublingual glands.[2] There are two main types acute and chronic.[4] The acute type generally results in the sudden onset of one sided pain, fever, and swelling.[1][2] The chronic types generally results in recurrent episodes of tenderness and swelling, often with eating.[1] Complications can rarely include abscess formation.[1]
The acute form is generally due to a bacterial infection or mumps.[1] The chronic form is often due to narrowing of the duct or a salivary stone.[1] Risk factors include salivary stones, chronic illness, Sjögren syndrome, certain medications, and anorexia.[2][5] Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and may be supported by medical imaging.[2] Pus may be seen from the duct opening.[2] Other conditions that may present similarly include sialadenosis, Mikulicz syndrome, and salivary gland tumor.[4]
Acute disease is generally treatment with antibiotics.[1] Rehydration, gland message, lemon drops, and vitamin C may also be helpful.[4][1] Sialoendoscopy may be able to address the underlying cause in chronic cases.[1] Surgery may be required in more complicated cases.[4] Those in their 50s to 70s are most commonly affected.[2][3] It represents the reason for about 1 to 2 in 10,000 hospital admissions.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wilson, KF; Meier, JD; Ward, PD (1 June 2014). "Salivary gland disorders". American family physician. 89 (11): 882–8. PMID 25077394.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sialadenitis - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Ferri, Fred F. (2019). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1262. ISBN 978-0-323-67977-0. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Sialadenitis". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2005. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Sialadenitis | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.