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We Demand Rally

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The We Demand Rally was the first large scale gay rights demonstration in Canada. The rally occurred on August 28, 1971 in Ottawa, and was organized by the gay rights activist groups Toronto Gay Action (TGA) and Community Homophile Association of Toronto (CHAT). There was a parallel rally in Vancouver that was organized in solidarity with the rally by the Vancouver group Gay Alliance Toward Equality (GATE). The rally plays an important part in the history of queer equity-seeking and gay rights in Canada, as well as the history of feminism in Canada, and has had a lasting legacy in Canadian gay rights activism.

Demonstrators at the We Demand rally, August 28th 1971

Background

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One of the catalysts for the demonstration was RCMP discrimination against homosexuals following the 1969 changes to the Criminal Code decriminalizing certain gay acts with the passing of bill C-150. Specifically, attempts to drive out gays and lesbians working in the civil service, government, and military, along with other forms of discrimination.[1] Up to this point, discrimination against sexuality was not legally prohibited and there was no way to complain through human rights commissions.[2] Other issues which drove the protest were the inequality of the Divorce Act, which placed homosexuality in the same category of severity for reasons to divorce as rape or bestiality, and the Immigration Act which banned gay men from immigrating to Canada.[3][2]

There is a history of gay activism, focusing on education and awareness,[2] in Canada before 1971, such as the work of Ted northe, however there were no large scale organizations or demonstrations up to this point.

The Rally

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The Ottawa rally was organized by the groups Toronto Gay Action (TGA) and the Community Homophile Association of Toronto (CHAT). The rally contained approximately 200 demonstrators,[2] coming from TGA, CHAT and other homophile and gay rights activist groups. The rally began with a march to the steps of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. The rally had speeches given by demonstrators such as Charlie Hill of Toronto Gay Action, George Hislop and Pat Murphy of CHAT, Pierre Mason of Le front de libération des homosexuels, and John Williams of Cleveland, Ohio.[4][5] The demonstrators mainly consisted of white cisgender gay men. There was only one woman, Cheri DiNovo, who signed the original list of demands.[3] The demonstrators called for the end to RCMP surveillance on gay workers, the end to medical discrimination and intervention, amendments to divorce laws, and equal civil rights to be extended to gay people and lesbians.[5]

There was a parallel rally[6] in Vancouver coordinated in solidarity and organized by Gay Alliance Toward Equality.[7] Roedy Green, chairperson of GATE, spoke, as did representatives from Vancouver Gay Sisters and the GLF.[8] There is some debate as to the number of attendees, with sources citing between 20 and 159. [9][10][11]

Demands

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The groups involved presented, as part of the demonstration, a 13-page document containing a list of demands to the Canadian Parliament, drafted by Herbert Spiers and Brian Waite of TGA with contributions from 12 gay activist groups across Canada under the name August 28 Gay Day Committee[12][13] and signed by members of TGA.[5] The document contained ten main demands:[3]

  1. Removing 'buggery' and 'gross indecency' as grounds for indictment as a dangerous sex offender
  2. Amendments to the divorce act to allow for child custody to be decided based on parental merit rather than sexuality.
  3. Removing homosexuality from the same category as physical or mental abuse, bestiality, and rape for grounds for divorce.
  4. Amending the Immigration Act to allow homosexuals to immigrate and enter Canada
  5. Institute an equal age of consent for both homosexual and heterosexual acts
  6. For the RCMP to disclose whether they had been spying on queer people working in the government, and to discontinue the practice immediately.
  7. Equal employment and advancement in all levels of government.
  8. Allow gays, lesbians, and bisexuals to serve in the military.
  9. Equal rights to be extended to lesbians, bisexuals, and gays.
  10. Removal of "gross indecency" and "lewd acts" from the Criminal Code and replacement with terms equally applied to heterosexuals and homosexuals.

Aftermath and legacy

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As a direct result of the rally, the Immigration Act was amended, removing the ban on gay men from travelling and immigrating to Canada.[14] All of the original ten demands of the rally have since been met and the laws they addressed have since been amended.

The Body Politic

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The rally led to the creation of The Body Politic by Jearld Moldenhauer, demonstrator and photographer of the rally. Moldenhauer, with a few other activists, was driven to create the magazine as a result of significant edits and alterations to an article Moldenhauer wrote about the rally and its demands for the working-class counterculture magazine Guerilla.[15] The first issue of The Body Politic was published November/December 1971 and contained articles about the Ottawa rally and its demands[16] as well as the Vancouver rally,[7] and used a picture of the rally as its cover.

We Still Demand

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On August 28, 2011, a commemorative march organized by Queer Ontario called We Still Demand[6] was held on Parliament Hill. The march was both celebrating reforms which have won since the original rally and protesting continued inequality and issues, such as having cops at Pride events and LGBT homelessness.[6][17]

A conference entitled "'We Demand': History/Sex/Activism in Canada/Nous demandons: Histoire/Sexe/Activisme au Canada" was hosted on August 28, 2011, commemorating the forty year anniversary of the march.[13][12]

References

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  1. ^ Graydon, Michael E. (2018-11-27). ""We Had Become a Community":Gays of Ottawa (go) and the Birth of Community, 1971–7". Canadian Historical Review. 99 (4): 594–622. doi:10.3138/chr.2016-0001. ISSN 0008-3755. S2CID 166025716.
  2. ^ a b c d Smith, Miriam (1999-01-01). Lesbian and Gay Rights in Canada. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/9781442676633. ISBN 978-1-4426-7663-3.
  3. ^ a b c "The Demands · 1971 We Demand March · The ArQuives Digital Exhibitions". digitalexhibitions.arquives.ca. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  4. ^ McLeod, Donald (1996). Lesbian and gay liberation in Canada: a selected annotated chronology, 1964-1975. ECW Press/Holmwood Books. ISBN 1550222732.
  5. ^ a b c Jennex, Craig; Eswaran, Nisha (2020). Out North: An Archive of Queer Activism and Kinship in Canada. Figure 1 Publishing. ISBN 9781773271002.
  6. ^ a b c Verge, Stéphanie. “The Battle Continues with We (Still) Demand.” Maclean’s, vol. 132, no. 6, July 2019, p. 63.
  7. ^ a b "Vancouver Gay Liberation". The Body Politic. 1. November 1971.
  8. ^ McLeod, Donald (1996). Lesbian and gay liberation in Canada: a selected annotated chronology, 1964-1975. ECW Press/Holmwood Books. ISBN 1550222732.
  9. ^ ""Gay Rallies: A Big First Step"". Georgia Straight: 17. 10 September 1971.
  10. ^ "Introduction · 1971 We Demand March · The ArQuives Digital Exhibitions". digitalexhibitions.arquives.ca. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  11. ^ "Gay Rights Demo...". Georgia Straight: 17. 13 August 1971.
  12. ^ a b DiMera, Matthew. “We Demand 40 Years Later.” Xtra West (Vancouver), no. 470, Aug. 2011, pp. 12–13.
  13. ^ a b Tremblay, Manon. Queer Mobilizations: Social Movement Activism and Canadian Public Policy. UBC Press, 2015.
  14. ^ "We Demand | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  15. ^ Crompton, Constance; Voth, Caitlin; Truong, Ruth (2019). "The Seventies Sociality: Activist Publishers and the Digital Commonplacing of New Knowledge". KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies. 3 (1): 20. doi:10.5334/kula.50. ISSN 2398-4112.
  16. ^ Waite, Brian, and Cheri DeNovo. “We Demand.” Body Politic, no. 1, Nov. 1971, p. 4.
  17. ^ "» We (Still) Demand!". Retrieved 2020-12-02.
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