Varvara Alexeyevna Yakovleva (Russian: Варвара Алексеевна Яковлева; c. 1880 – July 18, 1918), called Nun Barbara (Russian: Инокиня Варвара), was a Russian Orthodox nun in the convent of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna. She was killed by the Bolsheviks along with the grand duchess and Prince Ioann Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Igor Konstantinovich of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia, Fyodor Remez, Grand Duke Sergei's secretary, and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley at Alapaevsk.
Saint Barbara Yakovleva | |
|---|---|
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| New Martyr | |
| Born | c. 1880 |
| Died | July 18, 1918 Alapaevsk, Russia |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized |
|
| Feast | July 18 |
She was later canonized as a martyr by both the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church within Russia.
Life
editThere is very little reliable information about her life before entering the Martha and Mary Convent. According to documentary evidence, she came from Tver. She arrived at the Convent from Yalta on August 20, 1910. In 1911, she was 31 years old.[1]
Varvara Alexeyevna Yakovleva, small in stature and deeply pious, served as Grand Duchess Elizabeth's maid before taking the veil.[2] Her nickname was Varya.[3] The Grand Duchess and other women also took vows on that date. As sisters of Grand Duchess Elizabeth's convent, the women were well known throughout Moscow for performing acts of charity. They took food to the homes of the poor, set up a home for women suffering from tuberculosis, established a hospital to care for the sick, as well as establishing homes for the physically disabled, pregnant women and the elderly. They also established an orphanage. Their charitable efforts later spread to other cities in Russia.[4]
Exile and death
editYakovleva voluntarily accompanied Grand Duchess Elizabeth when she was arrested following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and sent into exile.[5] The group was confined at Yekaterinburg and later at Alapaevsk. On the afternoon of July 18, 1918 they were herded into the woods outside Alapaevsk at gunpoint, clubbed on the back of the head, and thrown one by one into a mineshaft in the woods.[2] All but Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, who had been shot in the head, survived the fall. They could be heard singing hymns from the bottom of the shaft. One by one they lost consciousness and died.[6]
Veneration
edit
In 1981, Yakovleva was canonized as a "new martyr" by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad as a victim of Soviet oppression along with the other members of the group. She was in April 1992 also canonized as a martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church inside Russia. In May 1982, the bodies of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia and Barbara (Varvara) were moved from the crypt of the Church of Mary Magdalene, Gethsemane, where only private veneration was possible, to the upper church of St. Mary Magdalene.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Додонов Б. Ф., Копылова О. Н., Крячкова Л. В. «Новые свидетельства к биографиям крестовых сестер Марфо-Мариинской обители милосердия» Archived 2019-07-11 at the Wayback Machine // Вестник церковной истории
- ^ a b Mager (1998), p. 331
- ^ Mager (1998), p. 244
- ^ "Saint Barbara ,the Nun", OCA
- ^ Mager (1998), p. 324
- ^ Mager (1998), p. 334
References
edit- Mager, Hugo (1998). Elizabeth: Grand Duchess of Russia. Carroll and Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-0678-3