User:Smallchief/udima
6°49′N 79°05′W / 6.81°N 79.09°W
Udima, Peru (formerly known as Hacienda Udima and Udima Ayacos) is in Catache District of Santa Cruz Province in the Department of Cajamarca. In 2017, Udima had a population of 696.[1] Located in the Andes mountains, Udima has an elevation of about 2,365 m (7,759 ft) according to Google Earth.[2]
Geography
editUdima is located on the headwaters of one of the tributaries of the Zaña River which flows to the Pacific Ocean.[3] Udima is located in an area in which the Andes rise only to relatively low elevations. Many species of plants and animals characteristic of the Amazon rainforest are found near Udima on the Pacific slope of the Andes. This unique biosystem is protected in the Bosques Nublados de Udima (Cloud Forests of Udima) Wildlife Refuge.[4]
Climate
editUdima has a highland Csb climate (sub-tropical, dry and mild summers) in the Köppen climate classification system and a Csll climate (sub-tropical, dry summer, mild temperatures in every month) in the Trewartha climate classification system. Average daily temperatures vary only about 4 degrees C (7 degrees F) between the warmest and coldest months. Much more precipitation is received during the cooler months than the warmer months. March is the rainiest month and August is the driest.
| Climate data for Udima (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 83.7 (3.30) |
140.8 (5.54) |
246.7 (9.71) |
154.7 (6.09) |
63.4 (2.50) |
26.8 (1.06) |
16.7 (0.66) |
11.1 (0.44) |
38.4 (1.51) |
61.6 (2.43) |
38.6 (1.52) |
57.6 (2.27) |
950.1 (37.41) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru[5] | |||||||||||||
History
editThe archaeological site of Poro Poro is located about 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Udima near the hamlet of the same name (also known as La Grada). Archaeologist Walter Alva first excavated the ruin in 1979 and dated it to the pre-Chavin era about 1,500 BCE. The extensive site features rocks carved into "pulpits and "thrones", monumental columns, a sunken plaza, and subterranean canals.[6]
In the 19th century, Udima was part of the extensive estate of Miguel Iglesias (1830-1909) who became President of Peru. In 1920, the Iglesias family sold the Hacienda Udima, consisting of 40,000 ha (99,000 acres), to the "Widow of Piedra and children." In the 1970s and 1980s the government's Agrarian reform program distributed much of the land belonging to the hacienda to 512 resident farmers who formed a cooperative. Most of the land has since been converted into privately-owned, small and medium-sized farms.[7][8]
References
edit- ^ "Santa Cruz". City Population. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
- ^ Google Earth, 6.813° S, 79.086° W
- ^ "Mapa Basa -- Distrito Catache". Atlas Cajamarca. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ Angulo Pratolongo, Fernando. "El Valle del rio Zana donde la selva se encuentra con las costas". Xilema. Universidad Agraria Le Molina. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ "Normales Climáticas Estándares y Medias 1991-2020". National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ Calderon Vera, Luis (2009). "Informes de los vestigios arqueologicos de Poro Poro, Peru" (PDF). Comechingonia Virtual. Revista Electronia de Arqueologia. pp. 178–179. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ Calderon Vera 2009, pp. 175–180.
- ^ "Los Vestigios Arqueologicos de Poro Poro". Arqueologia del Peru. 2014.