German submarine U-84 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
 U-52, a typical Type VIIB boat
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany | |
| Name | U-84 |
| Ordered | 9 June 1938 |
| Builder | Flender Werke AG, Lübeck |
| Yard number | 280 |
| Laid down | 9 November 1939 |
| Launched | 26 February 1941 |
| Commissioned | 29 April 1941 |
| Fate | Sunk by US aircraft, 7 August 1943 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type VIIB submarine |
| Displacement | |
| Length |
|
| Beam |
|
| Height | 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in) |
| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Range | |
| Test depth |
|
| Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Sensors and processing systems | Gruppenhorchgerät |
| Armament |
|
| Service record | |
| Part of: |
|
| Identification codes: | M 40 057 |
| Commanders: | |
| Operations: |
|
| Victories: | |
She was launched on 26 February 1941 and commissioned on 29 April 1941. She operated during the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War.
Design
editGerman Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-84 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged.[1] She had a total length of 66.50 m (218 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 48.80 m (160 ft 1 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[1]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).[1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170 km; 100 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100 km; 10,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-84 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]
Service history
editU-84 carried out eight patrols and accounted for six ships sunk and one ship damaged during World War II. She operated in the Gulf of Mexico for a time. Commanded by Captain Uphoff, U-84 torpedoed the freighter Baja California just forward of midships whilst in the Gulf of Mexico on 19 July 1942 at 06:45. Baja California sank in about 114 feet (35 m) of water about 60 to 70 nautical miles (110 to 130 km; 69 to 81 mi) southwest of Fort Myers, Florida. Baja California, en route from New Orleans, Louisiana to Key West, was carrying a load of general cargo which included glassware.[2]
Fate
editU-84 was sunk while under the command of Horst Uphoff on 7 August 1943 in the North Atlantic, in position 27°55′N 68°03′W / 27.917°N 68.050°W by a Mk 24 homing torpedo dropped on it by a US B24 Liberator aircraft (VB-105/B-4 USN). 46 dead (all hands lost).[3]
Wolfpacks
editU-84 took part in seventeen wolfpacks, namely:
- Grönland (16 – 27 August 1941)
- Markgraf (27 August – 13 September 1941)
- Schlagetot (20 October – 1 November 1941)
- Raubritter (1 – 4 November 1941)
- Seydlitz (27 December 1941 – 13 January 1942)
- Zieten (13 – 22 January 1942)
- Endrass (12 – 17 June 1942)
- Panther (6 – 20 October 1942)
- Veilchen (20 October – 5 November 1942)
- Kreuzotter (9 – 19 November 1942)
- Sturmbock (21 – 26 February 1943)
- Wildfang (26 February – 5 March 1943)
- Raubgraf (7 – 20 March 1943)
- Seewolf (24 – 30 March 1943)
- Adler (7 – 13 April 1943)
- Meise (13 – 20 April 1943)
- Specht (21 – 25 April 1943)
Summary of raiding history
edit| Date[4] | Name of ship | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate[4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 April 1942 | Nemanja |  Yugoslavia
|
5,226 | Sunk |
| 21 April 1942 | Chenango |  Panama
|
3,014 | Sunk |
| 23 June 1942 | Torvanger |  Norway
|
6,568 | Sunk |
| 13 July 1942 | Andrew Jackson |  United States
|
5,990 | Sunk |
| 19 July 1942 | Baja California |  Honduras
|
1,648 | Sunk |
| 21 July 1942 | William Cullen Bryant | United States
|
7,176 | Damaged |
| 2 November 1942 | Empire Sunrise |  United Kingdom
|
7,459 | Sunk |
References
edit- ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–44.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Baja California (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIB boat U-84". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-84". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
Bibliography
edit- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
- Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). German Warships 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
External links
edit- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIB boat U-84". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- Hofmann, Markus. "U 84". Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2 February 2015.