Saito–Kuba–Tsuruta syndrome

Saito–Kuba–Tsuruta syndrome, also known as Fibulo-ulnar hypoplasia-renal anomalies syndrome, is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by fibulo-ulnar dysplasia associated with renal abnormalities. It is associated with neo-natal respiratory failure soon after birth.

Saito–Kuba–Tsuruta syndrome
Other names	fibulo-ulnar hypoplasia-renal anomalies syndrome
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Renal abnormalities and fibulo-ulnar dysplasia
Complications	Neo-natal death due to respiratory failure
Usual onset	Birth
Duration	Life-long
Causes	Autosomal recessive inheritance
Diagnostic method	Physical examination
Prevention	none
Treatment	Usually, none can be performed due to the baby's short life
Prognosis	Bad
Frequency	Very rare, only 2 cases have been reported
Deaths	2

Presentation

Both of the affected siblings that were first described showed the following symptoms: A high chance of dying soon after being born, facial dysmorphisms/anomalies, ear abnormalities, symmetric long bone deficiency, fibular aplasia, symphalangism, congenital heart defects, and hypoplasia of the kidney.

Etimology

It was first discovered in April 1989, when Saito et al. described 2 siblings of the opposite sex (one male and one female) born to healthy, young, non-consanguineous parents. The siblings showed the symptoms mentioned above. When post-mortem examination was performed in the brother, he was found to have truncus arteriosus and a ventricular septal defect. During pregnancy, ultrasounds had shown 2 gestational sacs early on the pregnancy, one contained a fetus (that of the male) and the other started deteriorating and finally disappeared 15 weeks into the pregnancy. When Saito et al. investigated, they found that no other syndrome had features similar to this case, therefore they proposed this case to be part of a brand new, separate autosomal recessive syndrome.