Pyrénées-Atlantiques (French pronunciation: [pi.ʁe.nez‿at.lɑ̃.tik] ; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio Atlantiarrak or Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. Its prefecture is Pau. In 2019, it had a population of 682,621.[3]
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: 64, P-A | |
 Location of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in France | |
| Coordinates: 43°15′N 0°50′E / 43.250°N 0.833°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Prefecture | Pau |
| Subprefectures | Bayonne Oloron-Sainte-Marie |
| Government | |
| • President of the Departmental Council | Jean-Jacques Lasserre[1] (MoDem) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,645 km2 (2,952 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
| • Total | 693,027 |
| • Rank | 36th |
| • Density | 91/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Department number | 64 |
| Arrondissements | 3 |
| Cantons | 27 |
| Communes | 546 |
| ^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2 | |
History
editOriginally named Basses-Pyrénées, it is one of the first 83 departments of France created during the French Revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created out of parts belonging to the former greater province of Guyenne and Gascony, as well as the Béarn-Navarre (still, at least nominally, Kingdom of Navarre), meaning the Basques provinces of Basse-Navarre, Labourd, Bayonne (detached a few years before from Labourd) and Soule, as well as Béarn.[4]
The 1790 administrative design brought about the end of native institutions and laws. All Basque estates representatives from Labourd overtly opposed the new administrative layout since it suppressed their institutions and laws. The representatives of Lower Navarre refused to vote in Paris arguing that they were not part of the Kingdom of France; those of Soule voted against. The brothers Garat, representing Labourd, eventually voted yes, thinking that it would give them a say in upcoming political decisions.
On 10 October 1969, Basses-Pyrénées was renamed Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
Geography
editPyrénées-Atlantiques is part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. It is bordered by the Landes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers departments and the Bay of Biscay. It also borders Spain to the south by the provinces of Huesca, Navarre and Gipuzkoa along a coastline with the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Lac Gentau is located in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, as are the Lacs de Carnau.
Principal towns
editThe most populous commune is Pau, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 11 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[3]
| Commune | Population (2020) |
|---|---|
| Pau | 75,665 |
| Bayonne | 52,006 |
| Anglet | 40,310 |
| Biarritz | 25,885 |
| Hendaye | 17,621 |
| Saint-Jean-de-Luz | 14,282 |
| Lons | 13,843 |
| Billère | 13,229 |
| Oloron-Sainte-Marie | 10,653 |
| Urrugne | 10,495 |
| Orthez | 10,466 |
Demographics
editThere does not seem to be a particular name to designate the inhabitants of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The western part is mainly inhabited by the Basques and the eastern part by the Béarnais, who since the Revolution and the creation of the department have shared the same department. However, from 1790 to 1969, the inhabitants were called Bas-Pyrénées. The Pyrénées-Atlantiques have a fertility rate below the French average with 1.7 children per woman.
Population development since 1801:
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Economy
editUrban areas
editPyrénées-Atlantiques, a border department, has cultivated a number of economic and cultural links with Spain.
Two urban concentrations exist in the east and west of the department: Pau, which has 145,000 inhabitants and 344,000 workers in the local area; and Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz which has 166,400 inhabitants and 235,000 workers in the local area.
Tourism
editThe department is known for its tourism industry:
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Villa Belza in Biarritz -
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Culture
edit
The parts of the department that were part of Guyenne and Gascony, as well as Béarn, have a culture heavily influenced by the Basques, but clearly different identities.
Both the Gascon Bearnese variant and Basque language are indigenous to the region in their respective districts. Gascon in turn is a dialect of Occitan, formerly the main language of southern France. It is more closely related to Catalan than it is to French. Basque is a language isolate, not related to any known language. Today, French, the sole official language of the French Republic, is the predominant native language and is spoken by virtually all inhabitants.
Pyrénées-Atlantiques is also home to a number of professional sports teams, including rugby union football clubs Aviron Bayonnais, Biarritz Olympique and Section Paloise; basketball club Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez; and association football club Pau FC.
The Pau Grand Prix, an auto race first held in 1901, has hosted the World Touring Car Championship, British Formula Three, Formula 3 Euro Series and FIA European Formula 3 Championship.
Politics
editPyrénées-Atlantiques is a stronghold of the centrist Democratic Movement (MoDem). Its founder and president, François Bayrou, has served as Mayor of Pau since 2014.
Departmental politics
editThe Departmental Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques has 54 seats. Its president has been Jean-Jacques Lasserre of the Democratic Movement since 2015.
National representation
editIn the 2022 legislative election, Pyrénées-Atlantiques elected the following members of the National Assembly:
In the Senate, the department is represented by three members: Frédérique Espagnac (since 2011), Max Brisson (since 2017) and Denise Saint-Pé (since 2017).
Heraldry
editThe coat of arms of Pyrénées-Atlantiques combines those of four traditional provinces:
Twinning and cooperation
editPyrénées-Atlantiques is twinned with:
Misiones Province, Argentina (since 2012)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
- ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ a b Populations légales 2019: 64 Pyrénées-Atlantiques, INSEE
- ^ The history of the region, under the Ancien Régime, can be found in the articles about those individual regions.
- ^ "Historique des Pyrénées-Atlantiques". Le SPLAF.
- ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
- ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
External links
edit
- (in French) Departmental Council website
- (in French) Prefecture official website
- (in French) Archives of the Pyrenees-Atlantiques department website
- (in French) Photography Panoramics 360° website
- (in English) Pyrenees-Atlantiques Monuments, Villages, Walks and Attractions
- (in English) Information on living, working and visiting Pyrenees Atlantiques