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A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects[disambiguation needed], regions, and themes. Many maps are static two-dimensional, geometrically accurate representations of three-dimensional space, while others are dynamic or interactive, even three-dimensional. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or imagined, without regard to context or scale.

A world map is a map of the surface of the Earth, which may be made using any of a number of different map projections. Maps of the world are often either 'political' or 'physical'. The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use. Geological maps show not only the physical surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. Topographical maps show constant values such as elevation, temperature or rainfall often represented in the form of contour lines. A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a maritime area and adjacent coastal regions. A thematic map displays the spatial pattern of a theme or series of attributes, such as population density, health issues, language or climate. Star cartography is the branch of astronomy concerned with mapping the stars, galaxies, and a multitude of other celestial bodies.

World map

Tropical cyclone affected areas
Tropical cyclone affected areas
Credit: NSLE-Chacor
A map of tropical cyclone affected areas.

Geographic map

Course and watershed of the Nile
Course and watershed of the Nile
Credit: Imagico
Course and watershed of the Nile with topography shading and political boundaries.

Political map

Extent of the Macedonian Empire
Extent of the Macedonian Empire
Credit: Captain Blood
Greatest extent of the Macedonian Empire under Alexander the Great.

Thematic map

Tornado Alley
Tornado Alley
Credit: FEMA
Intense tornado activity in the United States. The darker-colored areas denote the area commonly referred to as Tornado Alley.

Nautical map

Exploration of the Hudson Bay
Exploration of the Hudson Bay
Credit: CyclePat
The routes followed by the principal explorers of Hudson Bay, from 1497 up to 1905.

Historical map

South China Sea, 1906
South China Sea, 1906
Credit: Justhus Perthes See Atlas
Map of the South China Sea, including inset maps of the Singapore Strait, Jokohama, Batavia and the Sunda Strait, 1906.

Associated Wikimedia

The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject: