NAND gate

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 Input Output A B A NAND B 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1); if any input is LOW (0), a HIGH (1) output results. A NAND gate is made using transistors and junction diodes. By De Morgan's laws, a two-input NAND gate's logic may be expressed as AB=A+B, making a NAND gate equivalent to inverters followed by an OR gate.

The TTL 7400 chip, containing four NANDs. The two additional pins supply power (+5 V) and connect the ground

The NAND gate is significant because any boolean function can be implemented by using a combination of NAND gates. This property is called functional completeness. It shares this property with the NOR gate. Digital systems employing certain logic circuits take advantage of NAND's functional completeness.

The function NAND(a1, a2, ..., an) is logically equivalent to NOT(a1 AND a2 AND ... AND an).

One way of expressing A NAND B is ${\displaystyle {\overline {A\land B}}}$, where the symbol ${\displaystyle {\land }}$ signifies AND and the bar signifies the negation of the expression under it: in essence, simply ${\displaystyle {\displaystyle \neg (A\land B)}}$.

NAND gates with two or more inputs are available as integrated circuits in transistor-transistor logic, CMOS, and other logic families.

Symbols

There are three symbols for NAND gates: the MIL/ANSI symbol, the IEC symbol and the deprecated DIN symbol sometimes found on old schematics. For more information see logic gate symbols. The ANSI symbol for the NAND gate is a standard AND gate with an inversion bubble connected.

 MIL/ANSI Symbol IEC Symbol DIN Symbol

Hardware description and pinout

NAND gates are basic logic gates, and as such they are recognised in TTL and CMOS ICs.

Diagram of the NAND gates in a CMOS type 4011 integrated circuit.

CMOS version

The standard, 4000 series, CMOS IC is the 4011, which includes four independent, two-input, NAND gates.

Availability

These devices are available from most semiconductor manufacturers such as Fairchild Semiconductor, Philips or Texas Instruments. These are usually available in both through-hole DIL and SOIC format. Datasheets are readily available in most datasheet databases.

The standard 2-, 3-, 4- and 8-input NAND gates are available:

• CMOS
• 4011: Quad 2-input NAND gate
• 4023: Triple 3-input NAND gate
• 4012: Dual 4-input NAND gate
• 4068: Mono 8-input NAND gate
• TTL
• 7400: Quad 2-input NAND gate
• 7410: Triple 3-input NAND gate
• 7420: Dual 4-input NAND gate
• 7430: Mono 8-input NAND gate

Implementations

 NMOS NAND gate PMOS NAND gate CMOS NAND gate TTL NAND gate The physical layout of a CMOS NAND Die of a 74AHC00D quad 2-input NAND gate manufactured by NXP Semiconductors Silicon implementation of 4 NAND gates in an integrated circuit

Functional completeness

The NAND gate has the property of functional completeness, which it shares with the NOR gate. That is, any other logic function (AND, OR, etc.) can be implemented using only NAND gates.[1] An entire processor can be created using NAND gates alone. In TTL ICs using multiple-emitter transistors, it also requires fewer transistors than a NOR gate.

As NOR gates are also functionally complete, if no specific NAND gates are available, one can be made from NOR gates using NOR logic.[1]

Desired gate NOR Construction