The Battle of Middle Creek was an engagement fought January 10, 1862, in Eastern Kentucky during the American Civil War.[2] It was the only battle personally commanded by future president James A. Garfield, then a colonel in the Union Army.
| Battle of Middle Creek | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the American Civil War | |||||||
 Eastern portion of the field, looking toward Garfield's command post | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United States (Union) |
 CSA (Confederacy) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| James A. Garfield | Humphrey Marshall | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| 18th Brigade (consisted of 14th Kentucky (USA), 22nd Kentucky (USA), 1st Kentucky Cavalry (USA), 40th Ohio, and 42nd Ohio) | (5th Kentucky (CSA), 54th Virginia, Jeffress' Artillery Battery, cavalry companies of Cameron, Clay, Holliday, Shawhan, Stone, Thomas) | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 2,100 | 2,500 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 27 | 65 | ||||||
Middle Creek Battlefield | |
   | |
| Nearest city | Prestonsburg, Kentucky |
|---|---|
| Built | 1862 |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001665 |
| Added to NRHP | March 26, 1992[1] |
Background
editMore than 1 month after Confederate Colonel John S. Williams left Kentucky, following the fight at Ivy Mountain, Brig. Gen. Humphrey Marshall led another force into Eastern Kentucky to continue recruiting activities. From his headquarters in Paintsville, on the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River, northwest of Prestonsburg, Marshall recruited volunteers. He raised a force of more than 2,000 men by early January, but could only partially equip them.[2]
Battle
editUnion Brig. Gen. Don Carlos Buell directed Col. James A. Garfield, the future president, to force Marshall to retreat back into Virginia. Leaving Louisa, Garfield took command of the 18th Brigade and began his march south on Paintsville. He compelled the Confederates to abandon Paintsville and retreat to the vicinity of Prestonsburg. Garfield slowly headed south, but swampy areas and numerous streams slowed his movements, and he arrived in the vicinity of Marshall on 9 January 1862. Heading out at 4:00 a.m. on January 10, Garfield marched a mile west near the Forks of Middle Creek, fought off the Confederate cavalry, and turned west to attack Marshall. Marshall had put his men in line of battle north and east of the creek near its forks. Garfield attacked shortly after noon, and the fighting continued for most of the afternoon until Union reinforcements arrived in time to dissuade the Confederates from assailing the Federal left. Instead, the Confederates retired south and were ordered back to Virginia on January 24. Garfield's force moved to Prestonsburg after the fight and then retired to Paintsville. Union forces had halted the Confederate 1861 offensive in Kentucky, and Middle Creek demonstrated that their strength had not diminished.[2]
Aftermath
editThe Battle of Middle Creek, along with the Battle of Mill Springs a little over a week later, cemented Union control of Eastern Kentucky until Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg launched his offensive in the summer and fall of 1862. Following these two January victories in Kentucky, the Federals carried the war into Tennessee in February.[2]
In October 1992, the battlefield was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
- ^ a b c d "Battle Summary". National Park Service. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ Middle Creek Battlefield Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, National Park Service, n.d. Accessed 2014-04-09.