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MPC 75 was an aircraft project of MPC Aircraft GmbH, a subsidiary of Deutsche Airbus (German Airbus). Work on the project was done mainly between 1988 and 1992 in Hamburg, Germany. Predevelopment work was finished, however the project never got the "go ahead" and never made it into full development.
| MPC 75 | |
|---|---|
| Role | Propfan regional airliner |
| National origin | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Status | Abandoned |
Development edit
On 3 October 1985, Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) of West Germany signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) to jointly study the feasibility of an aircraft designated the MPC 75, a propfan-powered regional aircraft that would seat 60 to 80 passengers.[1] On 6 June 1986, the companies agreed to another MoU during the 1986 Hanover ILA air show to start the second phase of feasibility studies. MBB also signed an MoU at that event with General Electric to determine whether its unducted fan (UDF) propulsion technology could be scaled down to power the MPC 75.[2]
The results of the feasibility study were released internally in July 1987. It concluded that the MPC 75's baseline configuration met the technical and market requirements, which included the critical mission of Kunming, China to Chengdu, China. The feasibility study also declared that the General Electric's 42.8-kilonewton thrust (4,360-kilogram-force; 9,620-pound-force) GE38-B5 UDF was the only suitable engine investigated, with a takeoff thrust-specific fuel consumption of 6.8 grams per kilonewton per second (0.240 pounds per pound-force per hour), and a cruise SFC of 14.7 g/(kN⋅s) (0.519 lb/(lbf⋅h)) at Mach 0.8 and 11,000-metre altitude (35,000 ft). The baseline configuration had grown to seat about 75 passengers, with a potential stretched version holding about 100 passengers. The primary alternative engine studied was the 64 kN thrust (6,600 kgf; 14,500 lbf) PW–Allison 501-M80E, an engine proposed jointly by Pratt & Whitney and the Allison Engine Company, that was a propfan derivative of the Allison T406/501-M80C turboshaft engine selected for the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft. This engine was ruled out as too powerful, because it required the baseline aircraft configuration to be in the 90–110 seat range. However, at their respective baseline configurations, the 501-M80E had a superior specific fuel burn value of 0.0285 kg per nautical mile per seat, compared with the GE38-B5's 0.0324 kg/nmi/seat.[3]
On 15 October 1987, MBB and CATIC signed an agreement to advance to the predevelopment phase of work on the aircraft.[4] To plan for joint work, MBB and CATIC opened an office in Hamburg, West Germany in April 1988, and they targeted a finish to the predevelopment phase in 1990 before entering the production phase in Hamburg and Xi'an, China.[5] In May 1988, MBB also signed an MoU with Allison to research supplying an engine for the MPC 75.[6] The agreement would potentially power the MPC-75 with an engine derived from the T406 using a gearbox connected to contra-rotating propfans. However, alternative airframes and engine types[7] such as turbofans and ducted propfans would also be investigated.[5] On 31 October 1988, MBB and CATIC announced that they had founded a joint firm in Hamburg called the MPC-75 GmbH, which would administer all activities related to the aircraft. The firm had an ownership of 80 percent for MBB and 20 percent for CATIC.[8]
The name "MPC" was formed from "MBB" and "People's Republic of China" because the project was a German - Chinese joint venture. In the wake of restructuring German aerospace companies in 1989, MBB was taken over and the MPC 75 project came under "Deutsche Airbus GmbH". "Deutsche Airbus GmbH" was representing the independent German part of the Airbus consortium. For the development of MPC 75 restructuring did not make a difference since the same engineers continued the design work.[9]
On 07.01.1989 "MPC Aircraft Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung" (HRB41092) - abbreviated to "MPC Aircraft GmbH" - was founded with head office in Hamburg. Eventually it became a 100% subsidiary of Deutsche Airbus GmbH. MPC Aircraft GmbH formally took over the MPC 75 project. On 13.12.1994 the company was renamed to MPCA Multi Purpose Commuter Aircraft GmbH reflecting the end of the German-Chinese cooperation. Abbreviated the company name remained MPC Aircraft GmbH.[10]
The first design of the MPC 75 was a 75-seat (4 abreast) regional jet, with an open rotor propfan and a T-tail. In the later development, the design changed to an 89-seat (5 abreast) regional jet, with conventional turbofan engines and a conventional empennage (MPC 75-100). A stretched version with a capacity of 115 seats was also planned (MPC 75-200).[11]
The fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control technology accumulated in the project was later fed into a research aircraft called Advanced Technology Demonstrator (ATD).[12] The ATD was a revived VFW 614.[9]
Design edit
The MPC 75 was designed with a high amount of composite materials to save structural weight. Flight control was based on fly-by-wire with sides-sticks and CRT displays. The jet had two high bypass ratio engines. The new technologies would have led to low operational costs per trip and seat compared to other aircraft at that time.[11]
Specifications edit
| Variant | MPC 75-100 | MPC 75-200 |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) | 39,950 kg (88,100 lb) | 45,100 kg (99,400 lb) |
| Maximum landing weight (MLW) | 37,950 kg (83,700 lb) | 42,850 kg (94,450 lb) |
| Maximum zero-fuel weight (MZFW) | 35,350 kg (77,950 lb) | 41,000 kg (90,400 lb) |
| Operating empty weight (OEW) | 24,500 kg (54,000 lb) | 27,000 kg (59,500 lb) |
| Maximum structural payload | 10,850 kg (23,950 lb) | 14,000 kg (30,900 lb) |
| Maximum fuel capacity (outboard tanks) | 10,450 L (2,760 US gal) | |
| Maximum fuel capacity (center section tanks) | 5,000 L (1,320 US gal) | |
| Seats (typical two-class) | 82 | 107 |
| Seats (single class) | 89 | 115 |
| Cabin width (armrest level) | 3.23 m (10 ft 7 in) | |
| Stowage volume (overhead) | 6.54 m3 (231 cu ft) | 8.75 m3 (309 cu ft) |
| Stowage volume (underfloor) | 18.15 m3 (641 cu ft) | 27.55 m3 (973 cu ft) |
| Wing area | 92 m2 (990 sq ft) | |
| Wing span | 29.7 m (97 ft 6 in) | |
| Height | 10.2 m (33 ft 4 in) | |
| Length | 28.5 m (93 ft 7 in) | 33.6 m (110 ft 3 in) |
| Engine thrust (sea-level static) | 62.3 kN (14,000 lbf; 6,350 kgf) | 73.4 kN (16,500 lbf; 7,480 kgf) |
| Range (standard) | 1,600 nmi (3,000 km; 1,800 mi) | 1,400 nmi (2,600 km; 1,600 mi) |
| Range (with center wing fuel tank) | 2,600 nmi (4,800 km; 3,000 mi) | |
See also edit
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ "MBB-UT and China plan a new generation in the aircraft industry". The Controller: IFATCA Journal of Air Traffic Control. Vol. 25, no. 4. International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations (IFATCA). December 1986. p. 16. ISSN 0010-8073.
- ^ "Manufacturers unveil propfan aircraft and powerplant projects". Hanover Air Show. Aviation Week and Space Technology. Vol. 124. 16 June 1986. pp. 26–27. ISSN 0005-2175.
- ^ MBB CATIC Association (July 1987). MPC 75 feasibility study - summary report (PDF) (Report).
- ^ Aircraft coproduction accord signed with FRG. International Affairs: West Europe. Daily Report: China (Report). Vol. FBIS-CHI-87-199. Beijing, China: Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 15 October 1987. p. 10. hdl:2027/osu.32435021558309.
- ^ a b MBB, PRC continue plans for MPC 75 aircraft. Transportation. Europe: Science & Technology (Report). JPRS Report. Vol. JPRS-EST-88-004. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Hannover, West Germany (published 1 July 1988). 13 May 1988. pp. 7–8.
- ^ Dinnen, S.P. (7 May 1988). "Gas Turbine joins venture with W. German firm". Business. Indianapolis Star. p. B–7. ISSN 1930-2533 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Allison joins MBB/China propfan project" (PDF). Flight International. Vol. 133, no. 4114. 21 May 1988. p. 14. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2016.
- ^ Cooperation agreements signed. International Affairs: West Europe. Daily Report: China (Report). Vol. FBIS-CHI-88-211. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Beijing, China (published 1 November 1988). 31 October 1988. pp. 12–13. hdl:2027/mdp.39015049008934.
- ^ a b "The Aircraft MPC 75".
- ^ "Genios – Handelsregister".
- ^ a b c MPC Aircraft (November 1990). MPC-75 briefing (PDF) (Report).
- ^ "The Project VFW 614 ATD", www.vfw614.de, DE, archived from the original on 2013-12-17
Bibliography edit
- ZABKA, Werner; MEHDORN, Hartmut: Technologie-Kooperation mit China : Das Beispiel Flugzeugbau. Oberhaching, Aviatic, 1997. - ISBN 3925505423
- Fischer, B.; Chen, J.Z. (20–25 September 1992). MPC75 - The evolution of a new regional airliner for the late nineties (PDF). Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (18th ed.). Beijing, People's Republic of China. pp. 1084–1093. OCLC 761191715.
- Thomalla, Volker K. (February 1992). Regioplane consortium to develop 80-130-seat passenger liner. Science & Technology: Europe (Report). JPRS Report. Vol. JPRS-EST-92-009. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service (published 27 March 1992). pp. 5–7.
- Ciampi, Antonio O. (July–August 1991). German-Italian aerospace cooperation reviewed. Science & Technology: Europe (Report). JPRS Report. Vol. JPRS-EST-91-021. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service (published 25 October 1991). pp. 2–6.
- "DASA confirms 130-seat rivalry" (PDF). Headlines. Flight International. Vol. 138, no. 4241. 7–13 November 1990. p. 5. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2016.
- Moxon, Julian (19–25 September 1990). "Regional angle on jets". Farnborough Review. Flight International. Vol. 138, no. 4234. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0015-3710.
- Greff, E. (9–14 September 1990). Aerodynamic design for a new regional aircraft (PDF). Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (17th ed.). Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 1251–1265. OCLC 1109530657.
- "MBB/Catic offer new-look MPC75" (PDF). Technical: Air Transport. Flight International. Vol. 137, no. 4212. 18–24 April 1990. p. 20. ISSN 0015-3710.
- Middleton, Peter (8 April 1989). "MPC gears up: The joint-venture MPC company, formed recently by MBB and the Chinese Government, is now actively defining the MPC75 airliner project in preparation for a decision to go-ahead at the end of 1990". Flight International. Vol. 135, no. 4159. Hamburg, West Germany. pp. 19–21. ISSN 0015-3710.
- "Propfan project on hold" (PDF). Flight International. Vol. 133, no. 4115. 28 May 1988. p. 7. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2019.
- "Short Brothers to join Mpc-75 development team". Air transport. Aviation Week and Space Technology. Hannover, West Germany. 16 May 1988. pp. 67, 69. ISSN 0005-2175.
- Geisenheyner, Stefan (13 June 1987). "Germany beyond Airbus: Promising projects and financial woes dominate the West German aerospace industry". Flight International. Vol. 131, no. 4066. Bonn, West Germany. pp. 116–118. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010.
- "MBB to build Chinese propfan" (PDF). World News. Flight International. Vol. 129, no. 4015. Hannover, West Germany. 14 June 1986. p. 2. ISSN 0015-3710.
- van de Krol, Ronald (7–8 June 1986). "MBB sees big potential in China plane venture". Business Roundup. International Herald Tribune. No. 32127. Hannover, West Germany. p. 19. ISSN 0294-8052.
External links edit
- Short Description and Images of the MPC 75 ( Retrieved: 3. December 2012 )
- ATD Research Aircraft - used the fly-by-wire system of the MPC 75 ( Retrieved: 3. December 2012 )