Kaplan–Yorke map

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The Kaplan–Yorke map is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. The Kaplan–Yorke map takes a point (xn, yn ) in the plane and maps it to a new point given by

A plot of 100,000 iterations of the Kaplan-Yorke map with α=0.2. The initial value (x0,y0) was (128873/350377,0.667751).

where mod is the modulo operator with real arguments. The map depends on only the one constant α.

Calculation method

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Due to roundoff error, successive applications of the modulo operator will yield zero after some ten or twenty iterations when implemented as a floating point operation on a computer. It is better to implement the following equivalent algorithm:

 
 
 

where the   and   are computational integers. It is also best to choose   to be a large prime number in order to get many different values of  .

Another way to avoid having the modulo operator yield zero after a short number of iterations is

 
 

which will still eventually return zero, albeit after many more iterations.

References

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  • J.L. Kaplan and J.A. Yorke (1979). H.O. Peitgen and H.O. Walther (ed.). Functional Differential Equations and Approximations of Fixed Points (Lecture Notes in Mathematics 730). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-09518-7.
  • P. Grassberger and I. Procaccia (1983). "Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors". Physica. 9D (1–2): 189–208. Bibcode:1983PhyD....9..189G. doi:10.1016/0167-2789(83)90298-1.