"Raccoon" John Smith (1784 – February 28, 1868) was an early leader in the Restoration Movement.[1]: 690 His father, George Smith (originally Schmidt) was of German ancestry, and may have been born in Germany, while his mother, Rebecca Bowen Smith, was of Welsh and Irish ancestry.[2] He played a critical role uniting the movement led by Thomas and Alexander Campbell with the similar movement led by Barton W. Stone and in spreading the message of the movement over much of Kentucky.[1]: 690
John Smith | |
|---|---|
 "Raccoon John" Smith | |
| Born | 1784 |
| Died | February 28, 1868 |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Self educated |
| Occupation | American Christian minister |
| Years active | 1808–1868 |
| Known for | Helping unite the Campbell and Stone Restoration movements |
| Spouses |
|
Personal life edit
Smith was born in what is now Sullivan County, Tennessee, in 1784 to a family of Regular Baptists.[1]: 690 His nickname, "Raccoon", reportedly resulted from him saying he lived in such a remote location that his only neighbors were raccoons.[3] Smith moved with his family to what is now Clinton County, Kentucky.[1]: 690 He was largely self-educated, with no more than six months of formal schooling.[1]: 690 He was baptized in 1804, and ordained as a minister in 1808.[1]: 690 Smith married Anna Townsend in 1806.[1]: 690 They lost two children to a cabin fire, and Anna died from shock shortly afterward in 1815.[1]: 690 Smith remarried in December of the same year to Nancy Hurt.[1]: 690
As a preacher, Smith began to wrestle with the Calvinist teachings of predestination and total depravity as taught in The Philadelphia Confession of Faith.[1]: 690 [4] His doubts regarding these doctrines meant that when he met Alexander Campbell in 1824 he was open to the Restoration Movement themes that salvation is open to all based on faith in Christ, repentance from sin and baptism by immersion.[1]: 690
He died in Mexico, Missouri on February 28, 1868, and was buried next to Nancy.[1]: 691
The Raccoon John Smith House, in Owingsville, Kentucky, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Career edit
After meeting Alexander Campbell, Smith soon became a leader in the Restoration Movement, working primarily among the Baptists in Kentucky.[1]: 690 Because preachers of the time were typically unpaid, he worked as a farmer for most of his life.[1]: 690 He was willing, though, to go anywhere and preach to anyone who would listen and was successful in persuading many in Kentucky to join the movement.[1]: 691
He also played a key role in bringing the Stone and Campbell movements together in late 1832 and early 1833.[1]: 691 This was formalized at the High Street Meeting House in Lexington, Kentucky, with a handshake between Barton Stone and Smith.[5]: 116–120 Smith was selected by the audience to speak on behalf of the Campbells' supporters.[5]: 116 A preliminary meeting of the two groups was held in late December 1831, culminating with the merger on January 1, 1832.[5]: 116–120 [6]: xxxvii Two representatives of those assembled were appointed to carry the news of the union to all the churches: John Rogers, for those associated with Stone; and Smith for those associated with the Campbells. They spent three years reporting the news to the associated churches. Despite some challenges, the merger succeeded.[7]: 153–154 Many believed the union held great promise for the future success of the combined movement and greeted the news enthusiastically.[8]: 9 Smith spent three years traveling through Kentucky with Rogers encouraging congregations associated with the Stone and Campbell movements to unite.[1]: 691
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-8028-3898-7, ISBN 978-0-8028-3898-8, entry on Smith, "Raccoon" John
- ^ Sparks, John (2005). Raccoon John Smith: Frontier Kentucky's Most Famous Preacher. The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 1–3.
- ^ Phillis, John (2005). "History Of The Church - Lesson 14 Part 2: The Restoration Movement - The Latter Part of the 18th Century and the 19th Century". Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Philadelphia Confession of Faith (1742)". www.spurgeon.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
- ^ a b c Davis, M. M. (1915). How the Disciples Began and Grew, A Short History of the Christian Church, Cincinnati: The Standard Publishing Company
- ^ Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-8028-3898-7, ISBN 978-0-8028-3898-8, Introductory Chronology
- ^ McAlister, Lester G. and Tucker, William E. (1975), Journey in Faith: A History of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), St. Louis, MO: Chalice Press, ISBN 978-0-8272-1703-4
- ^ Richard Thomas Hughes and R. L. Roberts, The Churches of Christ, 2nd Edition, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 0-313-23312-8, ISBN 978-0-313-23312-8