Jørgen Thormøhlen (c. 1640 – 25 December 1708) was a German-born Norwegian merchant, shipowner, slave trader and industrialist.
Biography
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Thormøhlen was born c. 1640 in the Duchy of Holstein, at that time a hereditary possession of the King of Denmark as Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt.[1] He was the son of Jürgen ther Möhlen, a German wine trader from Hamburg. In 1664, he settled in Bergen, where he married Giertrud Magers. She was the daughter of naturalized citizen Hendrich Magers, who was regarded as the wealthiest merchant in Bergen.[2] Thormøhlen became the largest ship-owner in Norway, trading fish from Northern Norway and being involved in a number of other businesses. He made his fortune through overseas and domestic trade (including the Danish slave trade) and owning ships. He also developed an industrial site located at Vestre Sydnes. The property included a salt refinery, packing sheds, a deep-water harbour, and employee homes.[2]
Thormøhlen was the main owner of the Norwegian slave ship Cornelia, which in 1673 sailed to West Africa transporting a cargo of liquor and trinkets which it exchanged for a number of enslaved Africans; 103 slaves were transported to the island of Saint Thomas in the Danish West Indies by the Cornelia. In the next year, the Cornelia made another triangular trade voyage, again delivering 103 slaves to Saint Thomas.[3] In 1682, King Christian V proclaimed him trade director. in 1695, he received royal permission to issue banknotes supported by a loan from the king. From 1685 to 1693, Thormøhlen owned the Kronstad Hovedgård manor house, which was located in the borough of Årstad (on the southern shore of the bay of Store Lungegårdsvannet) south of the city. However, heavy financial losses in overseas trade along with a major series of structure fires at Bryggen in 1702 created difficulties for Thormøhlen, who eventually went bankrupt.[4][5][6][7][8]
Personal life and legacy
editHe was married to Giertrud Magers, daughter of Hendrich Magers and Mægtele Lorentzen; the couple were the parents of a number of children. Thormøhlen was the great-grandfather of playwright, literary critic, editor and civil servant Claus Fasting.[9] After his death, Thormøhlen's involvement in the Atlantic slave trade had come under controversy. During the 2020 George Floyd protests, there were calls to remove a statue of him in Bergen. A neighbourhood of the city, Møhlenpris, which was named after Thormøhlen has faced calls to be renamed.[10]
References
edit- ^ Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). "Jørgen Thor Møhlen". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b Fossen, Anders Bjarne. "Jørgen Thormøhlen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ Sabino, Robin (7 May 2012). Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket. ISBN 978-9004225404.
- ^ "Jørgen Thormøhlen". danskmoent.dk. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Møhlenpris". kunsthistorie. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Kronstad Hovedgård- historien kort fortalt". Kronstad Hovedgård. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ "Bryggen i Bergen". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Fossen, Anders Bjarne (1978) Jørgen Thormøhlen: Forretningsmann, storreder, finansgeni (Einar Blaauw) ISBN 978-8271290191
- ^ Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). "Claus Fasting – norsk journalist". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ https://www.nrk.no/vestland/meiner-maleriet-i-bystyresalen-minner-om-drapet-pa-george-floyd-1.15045563