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Deschambault-Grondines

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Deschambault-Grondines is a municipality located in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the Capitale-Nationale region, Quebec, Canada.

Deschambault-Grondines
Municipality
Presbytery of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines, chemin du Roy
Presbytery of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines, chemin du Roy
Location within Portneuf RCM
Location within Portneuf RCM
Deschambault-Grondines is located in Central Quebec
Deschambault-Grondines
Deschambault-Grondines
Location in central Quebec
Coordinates: 46°39′N 71°56′W / 46.650°N 71.933°W / 46.650; -71.933
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionCapitale-Nationale
RCMPortneuf
Constituted27 February 2002
Government
 • MayorPatrick Bouillé
 • Federal ridingPortneuf—Jacques-Cartier
 • Prov. ridingPortneuf
Area
 • Total152.00 km2 (58.69 sq mi)
 • Land124.02 km2 (47.88 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total2,235
 • Density17.0/km2 (44/sq mi)
 • Pop 2016–2021
Increase 0.7%
 • Dwellings
1,169
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)
G0A 1S0
Area code(s)418 and 581
Highways
A-40
R-138
R-363
WebsiteDeschambault-Grondines

Deschambault-Grondines was created in 2002 by the merger of the villages of Deschambault and Grondines. It is a member of the Fédération des Villages-relais du Québec. [1]' [2]

Deschambault edit

History edit

The village of Deschambault is located in the eastern part of the municipality. It has its origins in the Seigneurie de Chavigny, granted in 1640 by the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France. In 1671, Jacques-Alexis Fleury, Sieur Deschambault, married the heiress of the seigneury and became its owner in 1683 through an exchange of land. He then gave his name to his new domain. The parish of Saint-Joseph-de-Deschambault was founded in 1713 and canonically erected in 1753. The parish municipality was created in 1855, and the village municipality separated from it in 1951. These two entities merged again in 1989.[3]' [4]

. . . At one time, Deschambault was said to have "a pilot every two houses." Very early on "the taste for the sea" developed there, because the St. Lawrence has long been the only way to access the village. "Everything was happening on the river !" says Father Jacques Paquin, coordinator of the Deschambault Navigators Committee." Even after the opening of the Chemin du Roy, a route considered difficult, the seaway continued to be used more than the land route. Deschambault, a village of sailors, Le Soleil. Translated from French.[5]

  • Deschambault Built Heritage
  •  
    Saint-Joseph church built between 1835 and 1839 according to the plans of the architect Thomas Baillairgé[6]
  •  
    Old presbytery built between 1815 and 1818.
  •  
    Water mill built in 1802 by Seigneur Joseph Chavigny de la Chevrotière.
  •  
    Deschambault on St Lawrence north shore

Grondines edit

History edit

The name Grondines was named by Samuel de Champlain himself. "Grondines" is from the French verb "gronder", meaning to rumble or roar. In 1674.[2]

The 'seigneurie des Grondines' was one of the oldest lordship in the province of Quebec, and was initially granted in 1637 by the Company of New France to Duchess Marie-Madeleine de Vignerot de Pontcourlay, Dame d'atours of Marie de' Medici, and niece of Cardinal Richelieu, chief minister of Louis XIV.[7]

The estate covered a land area of around 90 square miles or nearly 60,000 acres.[8]' [9] In 1646, the Governor of New-France at the time, Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny,[10] gave the concession to the nuns hospitallers, administrators of Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, and thereafter, it was resold in 1683 to Lord Jacques Aubert.[8] Being the father-in-law of Louis Hamelin, the next lord of Grondines, the lordship passed to the Hamelin family afterwards, and was transmitted to their descendants until 1797, following the British Conquest.[8] In 1698, comte Louis de Buade of Château Frontenac award them concessions, extending their lordship with additional islands and isles.[11] This family was one of the eight seigneurial dynasties that lived permanently on their estate for six generations.[12]

Over time, the Hamelins married members of the French-Canadian nobility. The families were the Couillard de l'Espinay, the Denys de la Ronde, partners of Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye, the Fleury d'Eschambault, the Gaultier de Varennes, the Lorimier de la Rivière, the Chavigny de la Chevrotière, and their in-laws included the Barons Le Moyne de Longueuil, the Pézard de Champlain, and the Boucher de Montarville.[13]' [14][15][16]

A member of this family was also recognized as noble by the Sovereign Council of New France of Louis XIV in 1654, and would join the French-Canadian nobility, being the lord and commander Jacques-François Hamelin de Bourgchemin et de l'Hermitière, a descendant of Jacques Hamelin, bishop of Tulle.[17][18][19]'[20] In 1766, a member of the Hamelin de Chavigny also appeared in documents of the Canadian nobility, where they asked the king to keep in power the current Governor of Quebec James Murray, with the hope of being less penalized by the injustices they had to suffer after the British conquest.[21]

The signatories, including A. Hamelin, were Luc de la Corne, François-Joseph Cugnet, Aubert de Gaspé, Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay, and a few others.[21] The last lord of Grondines was Senator David Edward Price in 1871, a member of the influential Price family.[8]

The Grondines windmill was built and is the oldest windmill in Québec.

  • The church, the presbytery and the cemetery are part of the parish block and constitute the village heritage complex
  •  
    Saint-Charles-Borromée church built between 1839 and 1842 according to the plans of architect Thomas Baillairgé.
  •  
    Presbytery of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines, chemin du Roy
  •  
    Saint-Charles-Borromée Parish Cemetery, Sir Lomer-Gouin Road
  •  
    Information board, in front of the cemetery, Sir-Lomer-Gouin Road
  •  
    Commemorative plaque on the façade of the church
  • Grondines Built Heritage
  •  
    La Chevrotière River, La Chevrotière Watermill, rue de Chavigny
  •  
    Rivière du Moulin, private property, Vieux moulin Hamelin, chemin Sir-Lomer-Gouin
  •  
    On the vintage truck: Paul Guilbault, Grondines, Charroyage général (Transport), chemin Sir-Lomer-Gouin

St. Lawrence River edit

 
Grande Pointe-des-Grondines[22][23]

In canoes, made of birch bark or carved out of a tree trunk, First Nations have crisscrossed the St. Lawrence River from west to east, from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and all the rivers of the Americas, from north to south, from the Arctic to Tierra del Fuego, for millennia. Indigenous peoples knew the advantages, irritants, barriers and dangers of waterways long before the arrival of Europeans and Jacques Cartier (1491-1557).[24]

Opposite Cape Lauzon, in the middle of the St. Lawrence River, the Richelieu Rapids stretch for a distance of nearly 2 km. These rapids, which are virtually invisible, correspond to a narrowing of the channel, marked, especially at low tide, by a much stronger current than anywhere else on the St. Lawrence downstream of Montreal.[25]' [26]

From the canoes of the First Nations to the ships of the conquerors, the Richelieu Rapids have played a strategic role in the history of Cape Lauzon, Deschambault and all of Quebec. To this day, they still make life as hard for sailboats, rowboats, canoes, small boats as they do for the captains of large merchant ships.[27]

The St. Lawrence River limits the territory of Portneuf regional County (RCM) for nearly 70 km. Along the Chemin du Roi, from one village to another, several spaces allow you to rest, visit, picnic, fish, observe birds, dip your toes in the water. The main attraction remains the docks.[28]

In Grondines, the tip of the Anse des Grondines, also known in the vernacular: La Grande Pointe, Pointe de la Laille or Grande pointe de la Laille. The word laille could come from the English light, since there was a lighthouse at the end of the island.

According to historian Raymond Douville, this point is the origin of the name Grondines, probably given by the boaters who had to go around, at the rising tide, the many pebbles that the waves hit in dull roars and whose echoes resonated on the escarpments of the coast.[23]

  • Deschambault - St. Lawrence River
  •  
    Sign, Cap Lauzon,[25] a strategic location, rue de l'Église
  •  
    Wharf of Deschambault, from Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph
  •  
    From Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph
  •  
    From Cap Lauzon, rue Saint-Joseph
  • Grondines - Saint Lawrence River
  •  
    Tidal flats, Ardea herodias. Great blue heron. Great Blue Heron and Killdeer Plover, chemin des Ancêtres
  •  
    Ordinary mill or windmill, tidal flats at low tide, from the wharf
  •  
    Private Property, Duck Cache Launch[22]
  •  
    Private Property, Canal déferrant du Cardinal (Cove),[29] the landfill, back beach
  •  
    Snow, ice and light fog, chemin des Ancêtres
  •  
    Wharf, breakwater, boat launch, harbour[28]
  •  
    Private property, clothesline & Swing, Sir-Lomer-Gouin Road

Geography edit

Geology edit

 
Fossil found along the St. Lawrence River, Grondines

DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA
« . . . The part of the Grondines map-area underlain by Paleozoic rocks (approximately two-thirds of the whole) is a nearly featureless plain rising in the north and west to 250 feet above sea level, and dropping to tide water level along the Saint-Laurent. »

Ecology edit

 
Undergrowth flora, chain of rocks, Grondines

« . . . The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade swamp is one of the last, large, treed swamps on the river. It extends along seven kilometres of shoreline in the St. Lawrence River’s freshwater estuary. The swamp shelters several at-risk species, including plants that are endemic to the freshwater estuary. It is a rare biodiversity hot spot on a global scale, according to the Atlas de la biodiversité du Québec (Quebec biodiversity atlas). »

The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade Swamp, A unique ecosystem.[31]

Climate edit

Climate data for Deschambault-Grondines
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2) 		9.0
(48.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		30.5
(86.9) 		33.0
(91.4) 		34.5
(94.1) 		34.0
(93.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		33.0
(91.4) 		26.0
(78.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		13.0
(55.4) 		34.5
(94.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −7.3
(18.9) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		0.8
(33.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.1
(75.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		9.9
(49.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.1
(10.2) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		4.3
(39.7) 		11.7
(53.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.5
(67.1) 		18.6
(65.5) 		13.8
(56.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		4.9
(40.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −17
(1) 		−15.5
(4.1) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.9
(57.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		8.5
(47.3) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−11.4
(11.5) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Record low °C (°F) −38.5
(−37.3) 		−35
(−31) 		−31.5
(−24.7) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		3.0
(37.4) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−24.0
(−11.2) 		−35.0
(−31.0) 		−38.5
(−37.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.0
(3.03) 		70.0
(2.76) 		69.1
(2.72) 		85.4
(3.36) 		100.5
(3.96) 		110.4
(4.35) 		125.5
(4.94) 		108.5
(4.27) 		116.5
(4.59) 		107.8
(4.24) 		95.6
(3.76) 		91.9
(3.62) 		1,158.1
(45.59)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.3
(1.04) 		19.9
(0.78) 		31.5
(1.24) 		76.6
(3.02) 		99.7
(3.93) 		110.4
(4.35) 		125.5
(4.94) 		108.5
(4.27) 		116.5
(4.59) 		107.0
(4.21) 		74.1
(2.92) 		36.9
(1.45) 		932.8
(36.72)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 50.7
(20.0) 		50.1
(19.7) 		37.6
(14.8) 		9.0
(3.5) 		0.8
(0.3) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(0.3) 		21.5
(8.5) 		55.0
(21.7) 		225.5
(88.8)
Source: Environment Canada[32]

Demographics edit

Population trend:[33]

  • Population in 2021: 2,235 (2016 to 2021 population change: 0.7%)
  • Population in 2016: 2,220
  • Population in 2011: 2,131
  • Population in 2006: 2,032

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 1,044 (total dwellings: 1,169)

Mother tongue:

  • English as first language: 0.7%
  • French as first language: 97.5%
  • English and French as first language: 0.4%
  • Other as first language: 1.3%

Attractions edit

  • Saint-Joseph of Deschambault church, classed historical monument in 1964.[6]
  • The old presbytery of Deschambault, classed historical monument in 1965.
  • The old mill of Grondines, classed archaeological monument in 1984.
  • The church of Saint-Charles-Borromée in Grondines.
  • Presbytery of Grondines, classed historical monument in 1966.
  • House of the Grolo widow, classed historical monument in 1971.
  • House of Delisle, classed historical monument in 1963.
  • House of F.-R.-Neilson-Sewell, classed historical monument in 1978.
  • The old Chevrotière Mill, classed historical monument in 1976.

References edit

  1. ^ Ricard, Pierre-François. "Modifications aux municipalités du Québec, février 2002" (PDF). Direction de l’édition et des communications Institut de la statistique du Québec. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Deschambault-Grondines". Commission de toponymie Quebec (in French). Government of Quebec. 12 April 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2024. The municipality of Deschambault-Grondines was created on February 27, 2002. It is the result of the merger of the municipalities of Deschambault and Grondines
  3. ^ Yves Roby, Francine Roy (2 May 2013). "Deschambault" (PDF) (in French). pp. 18 of 23. Retrieved 10 February 2024. Must hold fire and place over their seigneury, grant land to anyone who requests it, build and maintain a common mill, and establish a seigneurial court for the administration of low and middle justice
  4. ^ René Baudry, c.s.c. (2 September 1957). "Charles d'Aulnay and the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France" (PDF) (in French). Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française. p. 25. Retrieved 9 February 2024. But it is very difficult to write definitive history. Like all art and all living science, history refuses to be fossilized.
  5. ^ Johanne Martin (2 August 2020). "Deschambault, a village of sailors" (in French). Retrieved 15 February 2024. For 250 years, this corner of paradise located on the banks of the river has seen the birth of more than 1000 sailors... And the maritime tradition is still very much alive today
  6. ^ a b Culture and Communications Quebec. "Église de Saint-Joseph" (in French). Deschambault-Grondines: Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec. Retrieved 13 February 2024. The Church of Saint-Joseph, erected on a promontory overlooking the St. Lawrence River called Cap Lauzon, stands at the heart of a Catholic religious complex that also includes two former presbyteries, the cemetery, the former inhabitants' hall and the former convent, surrounded by vast green spaces planted with trees.
  7. ^ "Seigneury of Grondines and the parish of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines" (in French). Municipality of Saint-Casimir. 2024. p. History. Retrieved 15 February 2024. The territory of Saint-Casimir was originally part of the seigneury of Grondines and the parish of Saint-Charles-des-Grondines.
  8. ^ a b c d Fonds D'archives des Seigneuries Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade et des Grondines ( 87P )
  9. ^ Conversion lieue carré en Acre
  10. ^ "Seigneuries of Grondines and Deschambault" (in French). Deschambault-Grondines. p. History. Retrieved 15 February 2024. The seigneuries of Grondines and Deschambault were granted at the same time by the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France known as the Compagnie des Cent-Associés.
  11. ^ Item P209 - Acte de concession par Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac, et Jean Bochart Champigny, gouverneur et intendant de la Nouvelle-France, au sieur Louis Hamelin, seigneur en partie des Grondines, Archives Canada, Réseau Canadien d'Information Archivistique, BAnQ Québec, Fonds Intendants, Registres d'intendance.
  12. ^ Le régime seigneurial au Québec 150 ans après, page 51
  13. ^ Tables Généalogiques de la Noblesse Québécoise du XVII au XIX siècle
  14. ^ Histoire Généalogique de la Famille Denys
  15. ^ Histoire Généalogique de la Noblesse de la Nouvelle France
  16. ^ Roy, Pierre-Georges (1916). La famille de Chavigny de la Chevrotière, Lévis, Québec, Monographies, Canadiana, p. 20-23-26-27-34-40-64-70-152-153-162
  17. ^ Archives de la Province de Quebec, Lettres de Noblesse, Genealogies, Erections de Comtes et Baronnies, insinuees par le Conseil Souverain de la Nouvelle-France, page 113-116
  18. ^ Études généalogiques et historiques sur la noblesse canadienne, page 12
  19. ^ Dictionnaire biographique du Canada, Hamelin de Bourgchemin et de L’Hermitière, Jacques-François
  20. ^ Deux officiers "indésirables" des troupes de la Marine
  21. ^ a b Abbé A. Couillard Després (1916). "The nobility of France and Canada" (in French). Collection laurentienne. pp. 49 of 75. Retrieved 16 February 2024. The English of Quebec won their case at the court of London; the Canadians were removed from public office, and the nobility who might have rendered good service were regarded as suspect.
  22. ^ a b T. H. Clark, Y Globensky (1975). "Grondines Area" (PDF) (in English and French). Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources naturelles - Gouvernement du Québec. p. 172. Retrieved 14 February 2024. The Saint-Laurent river is here subject to tides. During the summer months the expectable difference between high and low levels ranges from 11 to 15 feet
  23. ^ a b "Pointe des Grondines". Commission de toponymie Quebec. Government of Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 14 February 2024. This point is said to be the origin of the name Grondines, probably given by the boaters who had to go around, at the rising tide, the numerous pebbles that the waves hit in rumblings
  24. ^ The Ages of Exploration. "Jacques Cartier". The Mariners' Museum and ParK. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Jacques Cartier is credited with discovering and claiming the land now known as Canada for France.
  25. ^ a b "Cape Lauzon". Commission de toponymie Quebec (in French). Government of Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 13 February 2024. This cape, in the shape of a semicircle and nearly 25 m high, extends 500 m from northwest to southeast into the St. Lawrence.
  26. ^ "Richelieu Rapids". Commission de toponymie Quebec (in French). Government of Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 13 February 2024. An important landmark for sailors, the Richelieu Rapids are located in the middle of the St. Lawrence, 1.5 km from the coast, between Lotbinière and Deschambault.
  27. ^ "St. Lawrence River, Cap-Rouge to Montréal and Rivière Richelieu" (PDF). Canadian Hydrographic Servie. 2022. p. 92. Retrieved 13 February 2024. This publication are requested to forward information regarding newly discovered dangers, changes in aids to navigation, the existence of new shoals or channels, or other information
  28. ^ a b Stéphanie Poirier (16 May 2021). "Public access to the St. Lawrence River in Portneuf" (in French). Tourisme Portneuf. Retrieved 13 February 2024. The Portneuvois coastline is Deschambault-Grondines, Portneuf, Cap-Santé, Donnacona and Neuville.
  29. ^ "Cardinal cove". Commission de toponymie Quebec. Government of Quebec. 9 March 1988. Retrieved 14 February 2024. St Lawrence Cove - Anse Le Cardinal
  30. ^ T. H.Clark; Y.Globensky (1975). "Grondines Area" (PDF). Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources naturelles - Gouvernement du Québec. pp. 127 of 172. Retrieved 16 February 2024. Fossils of the Grondines members
  31. ^ "The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade Swamp". Nature Conservancy Canada. Retrieved 13 February 2024. The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade swamp is one of the last, large, treed swamps on the river. It extends along seven kilometres of shoreline in the St. Lawrence River's freshwater estuary.
  32. ^ "Deschambault-Grondines Climate". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 (in English and French). Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  33. ^ Statistics Canada: 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021 census

Further reading edit

  • Mariages de Deschambault (comté Portneuf) – 1713–1900, raised by Rosaire Proulx priest, compiled and published by Benoit Pontbriand agronomist, 1966, 213 pages (in French)

External links edit

  Media related to Deschambault-Grondines at Wikimedia Commons

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