Veronica chamaedrys, the germander speedwell, bird's-eye speedwell, or cat's eyes,[1][2] is a herbaceous perennial species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae.
| Veronica chamaedrys | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Veronica |
| Species: | V. chamaedrys
|
| Binomial name | |
| Veronica chamaedrys | |
Description
editVeronica chamaedrys can grow to 20 cm (7.9 in) tall,[3] but is frequently shorter, with stems that are hairy only along two opposite sides. The leaves are in opposite pairs, triangular and crenate, sessile or with short petioles. The flowers are deep blue with a zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) four-lobed corolla, 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide. The capsules are wider than they are long.[4]: 591
The blossoms of this plant wilt very quickly upon picking, which has given it the ironic name "Männertreu", or "men's faithfulness" in German.[5]
Veronica chamaedrys is a common, hardy turf so-called weed when it invades turf and lawns. It creeps along the ground, spreading by sending down roots at the stem nodes. It is propagated both by seed and stem fragments. Leaves may defoliate in the summer and winter but the stems will grow again next season. Unlike at least five other common speedwell species, such as corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis),[6] the leaves are opposite on both the upper and lower parts of the plant.[7][8] See Veronica for special weed control considerations.
The specific name chamaedrys is a combining form meaning "low" or "on the ground" derived from ancient Greek.[9]
Distribution
editThis species is native to Europe.[10] It is found on other continents as an introduced species.
Uses
editVeronica chamaedrys has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine internally (as tea) for disorders of the nervous system, respiratory tract, cardiovascular system, and metabolism.[11] In 18th century Britain, the plant had the reputation of being a cure for gout as well as being popular for making tea, the latter being so prevalent that the plant was nearly eradicated from London during the 18th century.[12]
Further reading
edit
- Fermanagh Species Account - Biological account from Farmanagh, Ireland
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Washington Burke Museum
- Photo gallery
References
edit- ^ "Veronica chamaedrys". www.ct-botanical-society.org. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
- ^ "Notes. Keats, John. 1884. Poetical Works". www.bartleby.com. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
- ^ "Veronica chamaedrys L. - Germander Speedwell". Retrieved Jan 30, 2024.
- ^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 450. ISBN 9780521707725.
- ^ Friedhelm Sauerhoff, Pflanzennamen im Vergleich: Benennungstheorie und Etymologie [Plant names compared: theory of naming and etymology] (Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner, 2001), page 206: Das bestätigt auch E. Mießner, wenn er zum Gamander-Ehrenpreis feststellt: "Da die Blüten leicht abfallen, auch deutscher Spottname 'Männertreu'..." (E. Mießner also confirms that, when he observes about Veronica chamaedrys: "Since the blossoms easily fall off, [it is] also [known by] the derisive German nickname, 'men's faithfulness'...")
- ^ other Turf Weeds at Virginia Tech: corn speedwell, Veronica arvensis http://turfweeds.contentsrvr.net/category_detail.pg_24.vesh Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Turf Weeds at Virginia Tech; germander speedwell, Veronica chamaedrys: http://turfweeds.contentsrvr.net/category_detail.pg_17.vesh Archived 2011-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Weed ID & info; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University and Ronald Calhoun: http://www.msuturfweeds.net/details/_/germander_speedwell_13/ Archived 2013-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Klein, Ernest (1966). A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Elsevier. p. 265.
- ^ "Den virtuella floran – stängd för ombyggnad".
- ^ Vogl, Sylvia; Picker, Paolo; Mihaly-Bison, Judit; Fakhrudin, Nanang; Atanasov, Atanas G.; Heiss, Elke H.; Wawrosch, Christoph; Reznicek, Gottfried; Dirsch, Verena M.; Saukel, Johannes; Kopp, Brigitte (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.
- ^ Mabey, Richard (1996). Flora Britannica: supported by common ground. Bob Gibbons and Gareth Lovett Jones (photographers). Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-1856193771. OCLC 805221553.
