File:Z-machine480.jpg

Photo by Randy Montoya (on behalf of US Government laboratory). Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories.

To view a 2,400 × 1,586-pixel version (1.7 MB, hosted by Sandia National Laboratories), click here.

Alternatively a 3300 x 2180-pixel version is available (8.39 MB, uploaded by Sandia National Laboratories, [1]

Summary edit

English: Z-pinch at Sandia National Laboratories Z machine. Due to the extremely high voltage, the power feeding equipment is submerged in concentric chambers of 540,000 gallons of transformer oil and 600,000 gallons of deionized water, which act as insulators. However, the electromagnetic pulse generated when discharging the electrical energy to fire the Z machine causes impressive lightning, referred to as “arcs and sparks,” which can be seen around all conducting materials in the room.
This particular digitally enhanced rendition of Sandia’s original press release image was uploaded by User:Greg L and was provided in order to preserve the original’s overall appearance at a reduced size of only 440 pixels horizontally. This was necessary due to the image’s extremely high contrast ratio at high spatial frequencies as well as the very dark shades in its upper corners.

Français : machine Z (ou Z-pinch) du Sandia National Laboratories. A cause du voltage extrêmement élevé, l'équipement d'alimentation de puissance est immergé dans des chambres concentriques de 2000 m³ d'huile de transformateur et 2300 m³ d'eau déminéralisée, qui agissent comme des isolants. Cependant, l'impulsion électromagnétique générée Lors de la décharge de l'énergie électrique produite par la machine Z foudre produits d'impressionnants arcs électriques et des étincelles pouvant être observés autour de tous les matériaux conducteurs de la "chambre".
Cette photo est une version améliorée d'une image originale du communiqué de presse de Sandia, envoyée par Utilisateur: Greg L qui préserve l'apparence générale de l'original à une taille réduite de seulement 440 pixels à l'horizontale. Ceci était nécessaire en raison d'un contraste très élevé de l'image (Cf. hautes fréquences) et de teintes très sombres dans ses angles supérieurs

Sandia National Laboratories does not freely license their images. Permission to use this image in Wikipedia articles had been granted by Neal Singer, Sandia National Laboratories’ Media Relations spokesperson, via e-mail to Brian0918, at 10:03AM EST on 14 March 2005 stated as follows: "hi Brian, encyclopedia articles are fine. We only require a credit in the form, 'Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories,' thanks, Neal." Since 19 April 2005 however, Wikipedia policy is to not accept permission-only images. Accordingly...

Licensing edit

Aside from the claim that this file qualifies for use without permission under fair use, this file is also available under a license that permits educational, personal, or otherwise non-commercial use in unaltered form but forbids both commercial use and derivative works. Files available under such terms do not meet the definition of Free Cultural Works as adopted by the Wikimedia Foundation, and are therefore considered non-free on Wikipedia and may only be used under Wikipedia's non-free content policy. This tag must only be used with a non-free license tag and a valid fair use rationale as required by policy.

This is a two-dimensional representation of a copyrighted sculpture, statue or any other three-dimensional work of art. As such it is a derivative work of art, and per US Copyright Act of 1976, § 106(2) whoever holds copyright of the original has the exclusive right to authorize derivative works. Per § 107 it is believed that reproduction for criticism, comment, teaching and scholarship constitutes fair use and does not infringe copyright. It is believed that the use of a picture to illustrate the three-dimensional work of art in question, to discuss the artistic genre or technique of the work of art or to discuss the artist or the school to which the artist belongs on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, qualifies as fair use under the Copyright law of the United States. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, might be copyright infringement. Fair use //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Z-machine480.jpg true

Fair Use Rationale:

• This Z machine image is available here only at a highly limited, Web-based resolution (440 pixels with no higher resolution available).
• This image is a derivative of Sandia National Laboratories’ original press release image, as linked to from within their 8 March 2006 press release, and has less than 3.4% the number of pixels as the original.
• As Sandia National Laboratories is a national laboratory and public access is restricted, freely available, alternative images of Z machine test shots are not readily available.
• Although Sandia National Laboratories might possess other images showing the machine between shots, this particular image, which shows the Z machine during a shot, illustrates the enormous power required to achieve high temperatures.
• The copyright holder’s claimed rights are preserved to the maximum available extent via attribution in the image’s caption (“Courtesy, Sandia National Laboratories”#.
• This image is used in the article Z_Machine, as it is the topic of that article #the subject entity and its use). As a restricted-access facility, other images with comparable information and usefulness in this situation are unlikely to be available from sources other than Sandia, and therefore would have similar licensing. Also used at renovation of the nuclear weapon arsenal of the United States#Sandia which covers this too.