File:Fes walls history 5 - circa 1913 (after Alaouite additions).png

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English: Map 5 of 5, showing Fes circa 1913, after all the Alaouite additions and modifications. The Dar al-Makhzen is also indicated here clearly for the first time as the outline of the palaces took this shape in the late 19th or early 20th century.

Map based on original map "Carte Fortifications de Fes - Saadiens.PNG" by Omar-toons, but with major changes and new work added.

Changes include updates to spelling to be consistent with maps and names in main source (below). Some names and labels have been added and others removed, in order to focus on the Saadian-period changes. To reduce clutter and distractions, I've decided to forego the grey outlines of future walls which were present in the original file. Significant changes have been made to the western part of the map around Kasbah Bou Jeloud, as I redrew this part by following the outline of the western Fes el-Bali walls that are shown in the maps from the sources below. Significant changes have been made to the Fes Jdid walls, including, but not limited to: redrawing the walls of the Mellah to reflect the sources, illustrating the Marinid double walls and their gates and fortifications, removing the Dar al-Makhzen walls (because those were the present-day walls and the form of the original palaces is not known), and adding the walled Mosara Garden to the north.

Further note: the details here were possibly even more complicated due to uncertainty about which walls were still standing and which were not. In addition to the changes already made to the Fes Jdid as noted above, I followed Le Tourneau's maps as many of them are explicitly based on a "plan Orthlieb" from 1913; thus conveniently at the beginning of the Protectorate period and at the end of all the Alaouite additions. Based on those maps, it seems like most of the older walls were still present, but since then a lot of these walls have clearly disappeared, or are simply not visible amidst later constructions. As such, one could still make another present-day map of the remaining walls, which would likely have a lot of gaps, but this would be complicated to figure out accurately and seemed less useful as a historical illustration.

Sources:

  1. Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). "Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman". See especially p. 116-117 for the zone between Fes el-Bali and Fes Jdid.
  2. A copy of the same maps, as well as other useful maps where the outlines of the western well are a little more distinct, can be accessed in this UNESCO report (see page 4 and after): https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000039605?posInSet=17&queryId=N-EXPLORE-cad3fb24-479f-4d70-bac6-6a01dc836092 )
  3. Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). "Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle". Hespéris-Tamuda. XX–XXI: 245–318.
  4. Bressolette, Henri; Delarozière, Jean (1978). "El Mosara, jardin royal des Mérinides". Hespéris-Tamuda: 51–61.
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Base map: Omar-toons

Major modifications: R Prazeres

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6 April 2021

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