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Summary
| Description |
Español: Mapa de las migraciones del haplogrupo E del cromosoma Y y de sus principales subclados.
English: Map of the migrations of haplogroup E of the Y chromosome and its main subclades. |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work, map from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_blank_without_borders.svg |
| Author | Maulucioni |
| Other versions | File:E1b1bRoute.png |
Map based on the probable origin of E (M96, former M40) in Africa[1] about 65,000 years ago.[2] E1a (M132, former M33) is present exclusively in west Africa.[3]
There is strong support for the hypothesis that haplogroup E1b1 (P2) originated in eastern Africa.[4] E1b1a is geographically quite restricted to sub-Saharan Africa,[5] and there is a central/western African origin for haplogroup E1b1a1 (P1, M2),[6] which is related to relatively recent population Bantu expansion (3-5kya).[7]
There is a strong probability favors an eastern African placement for the origin of the E1b1b (M215). The main clade of E1b1b is M35, which is divided into two important branches: E-V68 and E-Z827.[6] The origin of E-V68 and the center of expansion of its main subclade M78, would be in the east of the Sahara and the Nile valley; a recent archaeological study reveals that during a desiccation period in North Africa, while the eastern Sahara was depopulated, a refugium existed on the border of present-day Sudan and Egypt, near Lake Nubia, until the onset of a humid phase around 8500 BC, occurring during the Mesolithic a rapid expansion in Africa, the Levant, Asia Minor and Europe, where they each eventually differentiated into their regionally distinctive branches.[8]
This map includes the following major subclades of E:
- E (M96)
- E2 (M75)
- E1 (P147)
- E1a (M132)
- E1b (P177)
- E1b1 (P2)
- E1b1a (V38)
- E1b1a1 (P1, M2)
- E-V43
- E-M4706
- E-L485
- E-M191
- E-L485
- E-U175
- E-M4706
- E-V43
- E1b1a1 (P1, M2)
- E1b1b (M215)
- E1b1b1 (M35.1)
- E1b1b1a (V68, L539)
- E-M78
- E-Z1902
- E-V12
- E-V32
- E-V65
- E-V12
- E-Z1919
- E-V13
- E-V22
- E-Z1902
- E-M78
- E1b1b1b (Z827)
- E-L19
- E-M81
- E-Z830
- E-M123
- E-M34
- E-CTS10880 (V1515)
- E-M293
- E-V6
- E-M123
- E-L19
- E1b1b1a (V68, L539)
- E1b1b1 (M35.1)
- E1b1a (V38)
- E1b1 (P2)
References
- ↑ Haber, Marc et al. “A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup and Its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa.” Genetics vol. 212,4 (2019): 1421-1428. doi:10.1534/genetics.119.302368
- ↑ Y full E tree YTree v9.02.00 Yfull 2021
- ↑ Martínez, B., Simão, F., Gomes, V. et al. Searching for the roots of the first free African American community. Sci Rep 10, 20634 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77608-8
- ↑ Trombetta, Beniamino et al. “A new topology of the human Y chromosome haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) revealed through the use of newly characterized binary polymorphisms.” PloS one vol. 6,1 e16073. 6 Jan. 2011, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016073
- ↑ Semino, Ornella et al. “Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J: inferences on the neolithization of Europe and later migratory events in the Mediterranean area.” American journal of human genetics vol. 74,5 (2004): 1023-34. doi:10.1086/386295
- ↑ a b Trombetta, Beniamino et al. “Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent.” Genome biology and evolution vol. 7,7 1940-50. 24 Jun. 2015, doi:10.1093/gbe/evv118
- ↑ Montano V, Ferri G, Marcari V, Batini C, Anyaele O, Destro-Bisol G, Comas D. The Bantu expansion revisited: a new analysis of Y chromosome variation in Central Western Africa. Mol Ecol. 2011 Jul;20(13):2693-708. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05130.x. Epub 2011 Jun 1. PMID: 21627702.
- ↑ Battaglia, Vincenza et al. “Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe.” European journal of human genetics : EJHG vol. 17,6 (2009): 820-30. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249
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File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 20:55, 23 March 2023 | | 1,396 × 1,556 (237 KB) | ABCymta | adjusting arrow position |
| 19:49, 23 March 2023 |  | 1,396 × 1,556 (237 KB) | ABCymta | naming pattern | |
| 19:33, 23 March 2023 |  | 1,396 × 1,556 (233 KB) | ABCymta | new version with time estimations in kya | |
| 15:08, 11 May 2021 |  | 495 × 540 (28 KB) | Maulucioni | adding E-U175 | |
| 02:50, 11 May 2021 |  | 495 × 540 (27 KB) | Maulucioni | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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