Felicia Dorothea Hemans (25 September 1793 – 16 May 1835) was an English poet (who identified as Welsh by adoption).[1][2] Regarded as the leading female poet of her day, Hemans was immensely popular during her lifetime in both England and the United States, and was second only to Lord Byron in terms of sales.[3]
Felicia Hemans | |
---|---|
![]() Felicia Hemans by William Edward West | |
Born | Liverpool, Lancashire, England | 25 September 1793
Died | 16 May 1835 Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland | (aged 41)
Occupation | Poet |
Nationality | Welsh, English, British |
Period | Late Romantic |
Genre | Poetry |
Two of her opening lines, "The boy stood on the burning deck"[4] and "The stately homes of England", have acquired classic status.[5]
Early life and education
editFelicia Dorothea Browne was the daughter of George Browne, who worked for his father-in-law's wine importing business and succeeded him as Tuscan and imperial consul in Liverpool, and Felicity, daughter of Benedict Paul Wagner (1718–1806), wine importer at 9 Wolstenholme Square, Liverpool and Venetian consul for that city.[6] Hemans was the fourth of six children (three boys and three girls) to survive infancy. Her sister Harriet collaborated musically with Hemans and later edited her complete works (7 vols. with memoir, 1839).[6] George Browne's business soon brought the family to Denbighshire in North Wales, where she spent her youth. They lived in a cottage within the grounds of Gwrych Castle near Abergele[7] when Felicia was seven years old until she was sixteen[8] and in 1809 moved to Bronwylfa, St. Asaph (Flintshire).[9] She later called Wales "Land of my childhood, my home and my dead".[10] Lydia Sigourney says of her education:
The nature of the education of Mrs. Hemans, was favourable to the development of her genius. A wide range of classical and poetical studies, with the acquisition of several languages, supplied both pleasant aliment and needful discipline. She required not the excitement of a more public system of culture,—for the never-resting love of knowledge was her school master.[11]
Hemans was proficient in Welsh, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.[12] Her sister Harriet remarked that "One of her earliest tastes was a passion for Shakspeare, which she read, as her choicest recreation, at six years old."[13]
Career
editHemans’ first poems, dedicated to the Prince of Wales, were published in Liverpool in 1808, when she was fourteen,[14] arousing the interest of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, who briefly corresponded with her.[15][16] She quickly followed them up with "England and Spain" (1808), politically addressing the Peninsular War,[17] and "The Domestic Affections" (1812). In contrast to its title, which Hemans did not choose, many of the book's poems explore issues of patriotism and war.[18]
From "Casabianca" (1826)
The boy stood on the burning deck,
Whence all but he had fled;
The flame that lit the battle's wreck
Shone round him o'er the dead.
Yet beautiful and bright he stood,
As born to rule the storm;
A creature of heroic blood,
A proud though childlike form.
From "Casabianca"
October 1826[19]
Hemans‘ major collections, including The Forest Sanctuary (1825), Records of Woman and Songs of the Affections (1830) were highly popular.[20][21] Hemans published many of her pieces in magazines first, enabling her to remain in the public eye and adapt to her audience, as well as earning additional income.[21] Many of her pieces were used for schoolroom recitations and collections were presented as school prizes, especially to female readers.[22]
Her last books, published in 1834, were Scenes and Hymns of Life and National Lyrics, and Songs for Music. It has been suggested that her late religious poetry, like her early political poetry, marks her entry into an area of dispute that was both public and male-dominated.[23]
At the time of her death in 1835, Hemans was a well-known literary figure, highly regarded by contemporaries, and with a popular following in the United States and the United Kingdom.[24] Both Hemans and Wordsworth were identified with ideas of cultural domesticity that shaped the Victorian era.[25][26][27]
Personal life
editOn 30 July 1812, Felicia Browne married Captain Alfred Hemans, an Irish army officer some years older than herself. The marriage took her away from Wales, to Daventry in Northamptonshire until 1814. During their first six years of marriage, Hemans gave birth to five sons, including G. W. Hemans and Charles Isidore Hemans, and then the couple separated.[9] Marriage had not, however, prevented her from continuing her literary career. Several volumes of poetry were published by the respected firm of John Murray in the period after 1816, beginning with The Restoration of the Works of Art to Italy (1816) and Modern Greece (1817). The collection Tales and Historic Scenes came out in 1819, the year of the Hemans' separation.[28]
One of the reasons why Hemans was able to write prolifically as a single parent, was that many of the domestic duties of running a household were taken over by her mother, with whom she and her children lived. It was a financial necessity for Hemans to write to support herself, her mother, and the children.[29][30] On 11 January 1827, Hemans' mother died, leading to the breaking up of the household. Hemans sent her two oldest sons to Rome to join their father, and moved to a suburb of Liverpool with her younger sons.[9]
From 1831, Hemans lived in Dublin, which was recommended as healthier than Liverpool.[9] Despite the change, she continued to experience poor health. She died on 16 May 1835. Sources suggest that she had suffered from an attack of scarlet fever, followed by a "consumptive decline",[9] or by "dropsy".[31] She may have experienced rheumatic fever and heart problems as well as circulatory problems.[32] She was buried in St. Ann's Church, Dawson Street, Dublin.[9] William Wordsworth mentioned her in a memorial stanza,[33] and Letitia Elizabeth Landon,[34] Lydia Huntley Sigourney,[35] and Walter Savage Landor composed memorial verses in her honour.[9][36] Lydia Huntley Sigourney also wrote a memoir to preface an American edition of Hemans' collected works.[37]
Legacy
editHemans's works appeared in nineteen individual books during her lifetime, publishing first with John Murray and later with Blackwoods.[29] After her death in 1835, her works were republished widely, usually as collections of individual lyrics and not the longer, annotated works and integrated series that made up her books. For surviving female poets,[38] such as Caroline Norton,[39] Letitia Elizabeth Landon,[34] Lydia Sigourney[35] and Frances Harper,[40] the French Amable Tastu[41] and German Annette von Droste-Hülshoff,[42] she was a valued model.[9] To many readers she offered a woman's voice confiding a woman's trials; to others, a lyricism consonant with Victorian sentimentality and patriotism.[43][44] In her most successful book, Records of Woman (1828), she chronicles the lives of women, both famous and anonymous.[45] Portraying examples of heroism, rebellion, and resistance, she connects womanhood with "affection's might".[46] Among the works she valued most were the unfinished "Superstition and Revelation" and the pamphlet "The Sceptic," which sought an Anglicanism more attuned to world religions and women's experiences.[47][21]
Hemans' poem "The Homes of England" (1827) is the origin of the phrase "stately home", referring to an English country house.[48]
From "The Homes of England"
The stately Homes of England,
How beautiful they stand!
Amidst their tall ancestral trees,
O’er all the pleasant land;
The deer across their greensward bound
Through shade and sunny gleam,
And the swan glides past them with the sound
Of some rejoicing stream.
The free, fair Homes of England!
Long, long in hut and hall,
May hearts of native proof be reared
To guard each hallowed wall!
And green forever be the groves,
And bright the flowery sod,
Where first the child's glad spirit loves
Its country and its God.
From "The Homes of England"
(1827)[49]
Despite her illustrious admirers her stature as a serious poet gradually declined, partly due to her success in the literary marketplace. Her poetry was considered morally exemplary, and was often assigned to schoolchildren; as a result, Hemans came to be seen as more a poet for children rather than a serious author. Schoolchildren in the U.S. were still being taught "The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in New England" in the middle of the 20th century.[50][51] But by the 21st century, "The Stately Homes of England" refers to Noël Coward's parody, not to the once-famous poem it parodied.[52][53]
With the rise in women's studies, Hemans' critical reputation has been re-examined.[54][55] Her work has resumed a role in standard anthologies and in classrooms and seminars and literary studies, especially in the US. Anthologised poems include "The Image in Lava," "Evening Prayer at a Girls' School," "I Dream of All Things Free", "Night-Blowing Flowers", "Properzia Rossi", "A Spirit's Return", "The Bride of the Greek Isle", "The Wife of Asdrubal", "The Widow of Crescentius", "The Last Song of Sappho", "Corinne at the Capitol" and "The Coronation of Inez De Castro".
Casabianca
editFirst published in August 1826 the poem Casabianca (also known as The Boy stood on the Burning Deck)[56] by Hemans depicts Captain Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca and his 12-year-old son, Giocante, who both perished aboard the ship Orient during the Battle of the Nile.[57] The poem was very popular from the 1850s on and was memorized in elementary schools for literary practice. Other poetic figures such as Elizabeth Bishop[58] and Samuel Butler allude to the poem in their own works.[59]
"'Speak, Father!' once again he cried / 'If I may yet be gone! / And'—but the booming shots replied / And fast the flames rolled on." 'Casabianca' by Felicia Hemans.
The poem is sung in ballad form (abab) and consists of a boy asking his father whether he had fulfilled his duties, as the ship continues to burn until the magazine catches fire. Hemans adds the following note to the poem: 'Young Casabianca, a boy about thirteen years old, son to the Admiral of the Orient, remained at his post (in the Battle of the Nile) after the ship had taken fire, and all the guns had been abandoned, and perished in the explosion of the vessel, when the flames had reached the powder.'[60]
Martin Gardner included Casabianca in his collection of ''Best Remembered Poems'', along with a childhood parody.[61] Michael R. Turner included it among the "improving gems" of his 1967 ''Parlour Poetry''.[62] Others wrote modern-day parodies that were much more upbeat and consisted of boys stuffing their faces with peanuts and bread.[63] These contrast sharply with the dramatic image created in Hemans' Casabianca.
England and Spain, or, Valour and Patriotism
editHer second book, England and Spain, or, Valour and Patriotism, was published in 1808 and was a narrative poem honouring her brother and his military service in the Peninsular War. The poem called for an end to the tyranny of Napoleon Bonaparte and for a long-lasting peace. Multiple references to Albion, an older name for Great Britain, emphasize Hemans's patriotism.[64]
"For this thy noble sons have spread alarms, and bade the zones resound with BRITAIN's arms!"[65]
Female suicide in Hemans' works
editSeveral of Hemans's characters take their own lives rather than suffer the social, political and personal consequences of their compromised situations. At Hemans's time, women writers were often torn between a choice of home or the pursuit of a literary career.[66] Hemans herself was able to balance both roles without much public ridicule, but left hints of discontent through the themes of feminine death in her writing.[67] The suicides of women in Hemans's poetry dwell on the same social issue that was confronted both culturally and personally during her life: the choice of caged domestication or freedom of thought and expression.[66]
"The Bride of the Greek Isle", "The Sicilian Captive", "The Last Song of Sappho" and "Indian Woman's Death Song" are some of the most notable of Hemans' works involving women's suicides. Each poem portrays a heroine who is untimely torn from her home by a masculine force – such as pirates, Vikings, and unrequited lovers – and forced to make the decision to accept her new confines or command control over the situation. None of the heroines are complacent with the tragedies that befall them, and the women ultimately take their own lives in either a final grasp for power and expression or a means to escape victimisation.[67]
Selected works
editCoeur De Lion At The Bier Of His Father
Torches were blazing clear,
Hymns pealing deep and slow,
Where a king lay stately on his bier
In the church of Fontevraud.
As if each deeply furrowed trace
Of earthly years to show, -
Alas! that sceptred mortal's race
Had surely closed in woe!
And the holy chant was hushed awhile,
As, by the torch's flame,
A gleam of arms up the sweeping aisle
With a mail-clad leader came.
He came with haughty look,
An eagle-glance and clear;
But his proud heart through its breast-plate shook
When he stood beside the bier!
"Oh, father! is it vain,
This late remorse and deep?
Speak to me, father! once again,
I weep, - behold, I weep!
Alas! my guilty pride and ire!
Were but this work undone,
I would give England's crown, my sire!
To hear thee bless thy son.
"Thou that my boyhood's guide
Didst take fond joy to be! -
The times I've sported at thy side,
And climbed thy parent knee!
And there before the blessed shrine,
My sire! I see thee lie, -
How will that sad still face of thine
Look on me till I die!"
From the "Coeur De Lion At The Bier
Of His Father" poem[68]
- Poems by Felicia Dorothea Browne (1808)
- "England and Spain" by Felicia Dorothea Browne (1808)
- The Domestic Affections and Other Poems by Felicia Dorothea Browne (1812)
- "Our Lady’s Well"
- "On the Restoration of the Works of Art to Italy" (Two editions, 1816)
- "Modern Greece" (1817)[69]
- Translations from Camoens; and Other Poets, with Original Poetry (1818)
- Hymns on the Works of Nature, for the Use of Children
- Records of Woman: With Other Poems
- "The Better Land"
- The Vespers of Palermo (1823, play)
- Casabianca (1826, poem)
- "Corinne at the Capitol"
- "Evening Prayer at a Girls' School"
- "A Farewell to Abbotsford"
- "The Funeral Day of Sir Walter Scott"
- "Hymn by the Sick-bed of a Mother"
- "Kindred Hearts"
- "The Last Song of Sappho"
- "Lines Written in the Memoirs of Elizabeth Smith"
- "The Rock of Cader Idris"
- "Stanzas on the Late National Calamity, On the Death of the Princess Charlotte"
- "Stanzas to the Memory of George III"
- "Thoughts During Sickness: Intellectual Powers"
- "To the Eye"
- "To the New-Born"
- "Woman on the Field of Battle"
Further reading
edit- "Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature," 3rd ed., 4: 351–60 (2000)
- "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography," 26: 274–77 (2004)
- "Felicia Hemans: Selected Poems, Letters, Reception Materials," ed. Susan J. Wolfson (2000)
- "Felicia Hemans: Selected Poems, Prose, and Letters," ed. Gary Kelly (2002)
- Emma Mason, "Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century" (2006)
- "Felicia Hemans: Reimagining Poetry in the Nineteenth Century," ed. Nanora Sweet & Julie Melnyk (2001)
- Paula Feldman, "The Poet and the Profits: Felicia Hemans and the Literary Marketplace," "Keats-Shelley Journal" 46 (1996): 148–76
- Peter W. Trinder, "Mrs. Hemans," U Wales Press (1984)
References
edit- ^ "The Boy Stood on the Burning Deck". 19 March 2013.
- ^ Hendon, S. & Byrne, A. & Singer, R., (2018) “Reviews”, International Journal of Welsh Writing in English 5(1), p.1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.16995/ijwwe.5.4
- ^ Wilson, Frances (2000). "The Italy of Human Beings". London Review of Books. 22 (22).
- ^ Robson, Catherine (2005). "Standing on the Burning Deck: Poetry, Performance, History" (PDF). PMLA. 120 (1 Special Topic: On Poetry (Jan., 2005)): 148–162.
- ^ Armstrong, I.; Blain, V. (12 February 1999). Women's Poetry, Late Romantic to Late Victorian: Gender and Genre, 1830–1900. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-27021-7.
- ^ a b "Felicia Hemans". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12888. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 3 September 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Liverpool Evening Express, Friday 15 September 1944, p. 2.
- ^ Black's picturesque guide to North Wales, 1874, p. 36.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Hemans [née Browne], Felicia Dorothea (1793–1835), poet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12888?docpos=2 (inactive 26 April 2024). Retrieved 5 April 2024.
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- ^ Sigourney, Lydia. (1845) Essay on the Genius and Writings of Mrs. Hemans. New York.
- ^ Courtney, W. S. (1920). "Lesser Literary Lights". The North American Review. 211 (775): 793–804. ISSN 0029-2397. JSTOR 25120531.
- ^ Browne, Harriet. (1845) Memoir of the Life and Writings of Felicia Hemans. New York.
- ^ Langbauer, Laurie (25 March 2016). The Juvenile Tradition: Young Writers and Prolepsis, 1750-1835. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-105972-8.
- ^ Bieri, James (2004). Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Biography : Youth's Unextinguished Fire, 1792-1816. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-870-2.
- ^ Wolfson, Susan J. (11 May 2021). Felicia Hemans: Selected Poems, Letters, Reception Materials. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-2401-4.
- ^ Sánchez, Juan (2014). ""England and Spain" and "The Domestic Affections": Felicia Hemans and the Politics of Literature". Studies in Romanticism. 53 (3): 399–416. ISSN 0039-3762. JSTOR 24247280.
- ^ Taylor, Barbara D. (2 January 2014). "Felicia Hemans and The Domestic Affections, and Other Poems ; or Mrs Browne's Publishing Project". Women's Writing. 21 (1): 9–24. doi:10.1080/09699082.2014.881060. ISSN 0969-9082.
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- ^ Kim, Benjamin (26 September 2013). Wordsworth, Hemans, and Politics, 1800–1830: Romantic Crises. Bucknell University Press. ISBN 978-1-61148-532-5.
- ^ Rothstein, David (1999). "Forming the Chivalric Subject: Felicia Hemans and the Cultural Uses of History, Memory, and Nostalgia". Victorian Literature and Culture. 27 (1): 49–68. doi:10.1017/S1060150399271033. ISSN 1060-1503. JSTOR 25058438.
- ^ Hawkins-Dady, Mark (6 December 2012). Reader's Guide to Literature in English. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-31417-0.
- ^ Carter, Charles Cuykendall (2009). "A Guide to the Felicia Hemans Manuscript Material in the Pforzheimer Collection" (PDF). The New York Public Library.
- ^ a b "Alex Grammatikos, "The Nothingness of Fame, At Least to a Woman": Felicia Hemans and the Price of Celebrity • Issue 10.3 • Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies". www.ncgsjournal.com. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Feldman, Paula R. (19 January 2001). British Women Poets of the Romantic Era: An Anthology. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6640-1.
- ^ Hemans, Mrs (1835). The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans: With Memoirs and Notes. American news Company.
- ^ Black, Joseph (1 January 2021). The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: Concise Volume B, 3e – Modified eBook International Edition. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-55481-520-3.
- ^ Kennedy, Deborah (1997). "Hemans, Wordsworth, and the "Literary Lady"". Victorian Poetry. 35 (3): 267–285. ISSN 0042-5206. JSTOR 40003051.
- ^ a b Ryan, Brandy (2008). ""Echo and Reply": The Elegies of Felicia Hemans, Letitia Landon, and Elizabeth Barrett". Victorian Poetry. 46 (3): 249–277. ISSN 0042-5206. JSTOR 40347084.
- ^ a b Baym, Nina (1990). "Reinventing Lydia Sigourney". American Literature. 62 (3): 385–404. doi:10.2307/2926738. ISSN 0002-9831. JSTOR 2926738.
- ^ Robson, Catherine (24 September 2012), "Felicia Hemans, "Casabianca"", Heart Beats, Princeton University Press, doi:10.23943/princeton/9780691119366.003.0003, ISBN 978-0-691-11936-6, retrieved 5 April 2024
- ^ Hemans, Felicia Dorothea Browne; Sigourney, L. H. (Lydia Howard) (1853). The poetical works of Felicia Hemans. With a memoir. The Library of Congress. Boston, Phillips, Sampson, and company.
- ^ Lootens, Tricia (1999), Armstrong, Isobel; Blain, Virginia (eds.), "Hemans and her American Heirs", Women’s Poetry, Late Romantic to Late Victorian: Gender and Genre, 1830–1900, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 243–260, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-27021-7_12, ISBN 978-1-349-27021-7, retrieved 5 April 2024
- ^ Stone, Marjorie (2003). "Review of Victorian Sappho". Victorian Review. 29 (1): 103–110. ISSN 0848-1512. JSTOR 27793515.
- ^ Hill, Patricia Liggins (1981). ""Let Me Make the Songs for the People": A Study of Frances Watkins Harper's Poetry". Black American Literature Forum. 15 (2): 60–65. doi:10.2307/2904083. ISSN 0148-6179. JSTOR 2904083.
- ^ Boutin, Aimée (2008). "Transnational Migrations: Reading Amable Tastu with Felicia Hemans". Romance Studies. 26 (3): 210–220. doi:10.1179/174581508X322329. ISSN 0263-9904.
- ^ Burwick, Frederick; Goslee, Nancy Moore; Hoeveler, Diane Long (30 January 2012). The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, 3 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8810-4.
- ^ Lootens, Tricia (1994). "Hemans and Home: Victorianism, Feminine "Internal Enemies," and the Domestication of National Identity". PMLA. 109 (2): 238–253. doi:10.2307/463119. ISSN 0030-8129. JSTOR 463119.
- ^ Reno, Seth (2015). "Felicia Hemans and the Affections". CEA Critic. 77 (1): 4–24. ISSN 0007-8069. JSTOR 26574753.
- ^ Burwick, Frederick; Goslee, Nancy Moore; Hoeveler, Diane Long (30 January 2012). The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, 3 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8810-4.
- ^ "Joey S. Kim: "One deep heart wrung!": Felicia Hemans's Affective Poetics in "The Indian City" and "Woman on the Field of Battle" • Issue18.1 • Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies". www.ncgsjournal.com. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Melnyk, Julie (2001), Sweet, Nanora; Melnyk, Julie (eds.), "Hemans's Later Poetry: Religion and the Vatic Poet", Felicia Hemans, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 74–92, doi:10.1057/9780230389564_5, ISBN 978-1-349-42094-0, retrieved 5 April 2024
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- ^ ""The breaking waves dashed high": The life and afterlife of Felicia Hemans' 'The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in New England' (1825) | Voyaging through History". 8 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Downey, Edmund; Hulme, Tom; Vandrei, Martha (15 September 2023). "The Mayflower and Historical Culture in Britain, 1620 – 2020". The English Historical Review. 138 (593): 898–932. doi:10.1093/ehr/cead152. hdl:10871/134905. ISSN 0013-8266.
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- ^ Robson, Catherine (2012). Heart Beats: Everyday Life and the Memorized Poem. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11936-6. JSTOR j.cttq94zs.
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- ^ "THIS MONTH'S PARODY (August) Casabianca ('The Boy Stood on the Burning Deck')". Jeremy Nicholas. Founded 1947. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
- ^ Valladares, Susan (17 October 2017). "Romantic Englishwoman and 'the Theatre of Glory': The Role of the Peninsular War in Forging British National Identity". A Moveable Type. 4. doi:10.14324/111.1755-4527.037.
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- ^ a b Lootens, Tricia (1994). "Hemans and Home: Victorianism, Feminine "Internal Enemies," and the Domestication of National Identity". PMLA. 109 (2): 238–253. doi:10.2307/463119. JSTOR 463119. S2CID 163488116.
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- ^ A Library of Poetry and Song: Being Choice Selections from The Best Poets. With An Introduction by William Cullen Bryant, New York, J.B. Ford and Company, 1871, pp. 212-213.
- ^ Comet, Noah (2013), Comet, Noah (ed.), "Felicia Hemans and the "Exquisite Remains" of Modern Greece", Romantic Hellenism and Women Writers, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 68–89, doi:10.1057/9781137316226_4, ISBN 978-1-137-31622-6, retrieved 5 April 2024
External links
edit- Media related to Felicia Hemans at Wikimedia Commons
- Quotations related to Felicia Hemans at Wikiquote
- Works by or about Felicia Hemans at Wikisource
- Felicia Hemans., another tribute by Letitia Elizabeth Landon to a portrait by William Edward West in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838.
- Masson, Flora (1880). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XI (9th ed.).
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 256–257. .
- "The Italy of Human Beings" London Review of Books Vol. 22 No. 22 · 16 November 2000
- Felicia Hemans at A Celebration of Women Writers
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – Felicia Hemans
- "Archival material relating to Felicia Hemans". UK National Archives.
- Works by or about Felicia Hemans at the Internet Archive
- Works by Felicia Hemans at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Songs with text by Mrs Hemans
- Archival material at Leeds University Library