The Diderot effect is a phenomenon that occurs when acquiring a new possession leads to a spiral of consumption that results in the acquisition of even more possessions.[1][2] In other words, it means that buying something new can cause a chain reaction of buying more and more things, as the new item makes one feel like one needs other things to go with it or to keep up with it. This can lead to overspending[3] and accumulating more possessions than one actually needs or uses. The term was coined by anthropologist and scholar of consumption patterns Grant McCracken in 1988,[4] and is named after the French philosopher Denis Diderot (1713–1784), who first described the effect in an essay titled "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or, A warning to those who have more taste than fortune".
The term has been used in discussions of sustainable consumption and green consumerism, in regard to the process whereby a purchase or gift creates dissatisfaction with existing possessions and environment, provoking a potentially spiraling pattern of consumption with negative environmental, psychological, and social impacts.
Origin edit
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The effect was first described in Diderot's essay "Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown".[5] Here he tells how the gift of a beautiful scarlet dressing gown leads to unexpected results, eventually plunging him into debt. Initially pleased with the gift, Diderot came to rue his new garment. Compared to his elegant new dressing gown, the rest of his possessions began to seem tawdry and he became dissatisfied that they did not live up to the elegance and style of his new possession. He replaced his old straw chair, for example, with an armchair covered in Moroccan leather; his old desk was replaced with an expensive new writing table; his formerly beloved prints were replaced with more costly prints, and so on. "I was absolute master of my old dressing gown", Diderot writes, "but I have become a slave to my new one ... Beware of the contamination of sudden wealth. The poor man may take his ease without thinking of appearances, but the rich man is always under a strain".
Usage edit
In McCracken's usage the Diderot effect is the result of the interaction between objects within "product complements", or "Diderot unities", and consumers. A Diderot unity is a group of objects that are considered to be culturally complementary, in relation to one another.[6] McCracken describes that a consumer is less likely to veer from a preferred Diderot unity in order to strive towards unity in appearance and representation of one's social role. However, it can also mean that if an object that is somehow deviant from the preferred Diderot unity is acquired, it may have the effect of causing the consumer to start subscribing to a completely different Diderot unity.
Sociologist and economist Juliet Schor uses the term in her 1992 book The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need to describe processes of competitive, status-conscious consumption driven by dissatisfaction. Schor's 2005 essay "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire" describes the effect in contemporary consumer culture in the context of its negative environmental consequences.[7]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Ritzer, George, ed. (2007-02-15). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd046.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-2433-1.
- ^ Becker, Joshua (27 October 2021). "Understanding The Diderot Effect To Overcome Overspending". Forbes.
- ^ Çakaröz, Kübra Müge; Kılıç, Sabiha; Civek, Funda (2022-07-29). "Consumer View on the Axis of Diderot Effect and Unplanned Purchase". Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty. 9 (2): 1327–1348. doi:10.30798/makuiibf.1034930. ISSN 2149-1658.
- ^ Grant McCracken, Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods, Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, June 1986, Pages 71–84, https://doi.org/10.1086/209048
- ^ Diderot, Denis. "Regrets for my Old Dressing Gown, or A warning to those who have more taste than fortune". Marxists.org.
- ^ Davis, Teresa; Gregory, Gary (2003-01-01). "Creating Diderot unities – quest for possible selves?". Journal of Consumer Marketing. 20 (1): 44–54. doi:10.1108/07363760310456946. ISSN 0736-3761.
- ^ Schor, Juliet. "Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire". colorado.edu. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018.
- McCracken, Grant Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1988 ISBN 0-253-31526-3; pp. 118–129
- Schor, Juliet B. "The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need" Harper Perennial; 1st HarperPerennial Ed Pub. 1999 edition. ISBN 0-06-097758-2 ISBN 978-0060977580
- Schor, Juliet B. ‘Learning Diderot's Lesson: Stopping the Upward Creep of Desire,’ in Tim Jackson (ed), Sustainable Consumption (2005)
Further reading edit
- Diderot, Denis (1875–77). [Regrets on My Old Dressing Gown] (in French). Paris: Garnier – via Wikisource. [scan
] - English translation of Regrets on My Old Dressing Gown https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/diderot/1769/regrets.htm
- 'Diderot Effect’Evans, D, in: P. Robbins, J. Mansvelt and G.Golson, editor(s). "Encyclopaedia of Green Consumerism". Sage; 2010.
- Pantzar, Mika "Domestication of Everyday Life Technology: Dynamic Views on the Social Histories of Artifacts" in Design Issues, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Autumn, 1997), pp. 52–65
External links edit
- Culture By Grant McCracken's blog
- Juliet Schor's Blog