Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin

The Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral is the senior cleric of the Protestant St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, elected by the chapter of the cathedral. The office was created in 1219 or 1220, by one of several charters granted to the cathedral by Archbishop Henry de Loundres between 1218 and 1220.

For centuries, the Dean of St. Patrick's was the only dean in Dublin and documents of those years often refer to him as the "Dean of Dublin" – but from around 1539 there was also the office of "Dean of Christ Church Cathedral", which had been a priory, headed by a prior and canons.

Election

The right to elect the Dean of St. Patrick's is vested exclusively in the chapter of the cathedral (though before 1870 there could be an exception where a vacancy occurred due to the promotion of the dean to the office of a bishop) and has been defended against monarchs and even the Pope. Jonathan Swift, perhaps the most famous dean, was appointed against the strong opposition of Queen Anne, who disliked him. The Archbishop of Dublin has one of the 28 seats (the dean plus 3 other dignities and 24 canons), used only at the time of election, but no other special authority.

Holders of the office of dean

The following have served as deans (where they are known to have previously held office at the cathedral, this is noted):

Pre-Reformation

1219–c.1238 – William FitzGuido, first dean, appointed by Archbishop Henry de Loundres
c.1238–c.1250 – Richard Gardiner
c.1250–1275 – Richard de St. Martin, a sitting prebendary
1275–1284 – John de Sandford, Franciscan, Prebendary of Howth; later Archbishop of Dublin (his brother Fulk Basset had earlier held that office)
1284–1311 – Thomas de Chaddesworth or Chadsworth, previously Chancellor of the Cathedral, unsuccessfully attempted twice to become Archbishop of Dublin, but was forced to stand down both times. Later appointed Vicar-General to the Archbishop.
1311–c.1338 – William de Rodyard, Treasurer; later, first Chancellor of the first University of Dublin and Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas
1338–c.1347 – Thomas de Montpellier, or Thomas de Monte Pessulano; also Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer
1348–1353 – Adam de Kingston
1353–1374 – William de Bromley, Prebendary of Lusk; also Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland, and Treasurer of Ireland and Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland
1374–1382 – John Colton (also Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 1379–1382 and afterwards Archbishop of Armagh in 1382)
1382–1391 – Henry Bowet, papal chaplain; became Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1401 and was Archbishop of York from 1407-1423
1392–1396 – William Chaumbre, formerly Archdeacon of Dublin
1396–1401 – Thomas de Everdon, a sitting prebendary; Master of the Rolls in Ireland.

"In this period, the Pope attempted to assume the power to appoint the Dean, nominating one Landulph, Cardinal of St. Nicholas. The King of England resisted this, and it was eventually conceded that the Chapter alone could choose the Dean – but see the 1401 appointment."

1401–?1428 – John Prene, appointed by Pope Boniface IX in breach of the Chapter's right of election but confirmed by the King in London after the dispute on rights was settled. (afterwards Archbishop of Armagh in 1439)
?1428–1457 – Nicholas Hill, Archdeacon of Dublin
1457–1466 – Philip Norris, Prebendary of Yagoe; excommunicated by the Pope for attacks on mendicant friars, but succeeded in getting the sentence reversed
1466–1506 – John Alleyne, Precentor
1506–1522 – Thomas Rochfort, Precentor (and Master of the Rolls in Ireland)
1522–1527 – John Rycardes (also Master of the Rolls in Ireland)
1527–1528 – Robert Sutton, Archdeacon of Dublin
1528–1529 – Thomas Darcy, Prebendary of Howth (and Master of the Rolls in Ireland)
1529–1537 – Geoffrey Fyche, Treasurer

Post-Reformation to Disestablishment

The Reformation took effect in Ireland following a hiatus in the office of Archbishop of Dublin after the death of Archbishop Alen in 1534, and the election of George Browne to that office by the Chapters of both Cathedrals under pressure from King Henry VIII.

1537–1547 – Edward Bassenet, a sitting prebendary, for whose election pressure was exerted by the State, Archbishop George Browne writing to the King that the Chapter had elected him "only in respect of your Grace's desire"

From 1547 to 1555, St. Patrick's was suppressed as a Foundation, reduced to the status of a parish church, without its Chapter or Dean – the Dean and other senior officials being pensioned off by the King. It was restored in 1555.

1555–1560 – Thomas Leverous, appointed by Queen Mary, formerly tutor to the powerful FitzGerald family; became Bishop of Kildare, and was one of the two Irish Bishops to refuse to take the Oath of Supremacy, after which he was deprived of both offices and ran a school in Adare
1560–1565 – Alexander Craike, Prebendary of Clonmethan; (also Bishop of Kildare)
1565–1567 – Adam Loftus, also Archbishop of Armagh, then resigned to become Archbishop of Dublin; later first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin; died 1605
1567–1573 – Robert Weston (a layman, also Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1567–1573 and Dean of Wells 1570–1573)
1573–1581 – Sir William Gerard, a layman who was also Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1576–1581 (a contemporary wrote that he "confessed how greatly he had been tormented in conscience with keeping the deanery", but never relinquished it.)
1581–1585 – Thomas Jones, Chancellor; afterwards Bishop of Meath 1584 and then Archbishop of Dublin
1585–1597 – Richard Meredyth, (appointed Bishop of Leighlin 1589, with deanery in commendam)
1597–1608 – John Ryder, who became Bishop of Killaloe
1608–1625 – Thomas Moigne, Prebendary of Monmohenock; (appointed Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh 1620, with deanery in commendam)
1625–1649 – Benjamin Culme (d.1657), of Molland-Champson and Canonsleigh, Devon, Prebendary of Mulhuddart

1649–1660 – office vacant during the period of Parliamentary governance; a Robert Chambers was appointed "Reader at St. Patrick's" following Dean Culme's retirement

1660–1666 – William Fuller, who became Bishop of Limerick 1663 and later of Bishop of Lincoln, and who composed an anthem for the Restoration in Ireland, celebrated on 27 January 1660 with the consecration at the cathedral of twelve bishops
1666–1675 – Thomas Seele, Chancellor; Fellow, and later Provost of Trinity College, Dublin
1675–1678 – Benjamin Parry, Prebendary of Castleknock (became Bishop of Ossory 1677 with deanery in commendam)
1678–1689 – John Worth, Chancellor, previously Dean of Kildare
1689–1691 – William King, Chancellor, became Bishop of Derry 1691, later Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Justice; (1650-1729)
1691–1694 – Michael Jephson, previously Chancellor of Christ Church Cathedral
1694–1696 – Thomas Lindsay, became Bishop of Killaloe, Bishop of Raphoe, and then Archbishop of Armagh
1696–1699 – Edward Smyth, Fellow of Trinity College Dublin and Chaplain to King William III; became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dublin and later Bishop of Down and Connor
1699–1705 – Jerome Ryves, previously Chancellor of Christ Church Cathedral
1705–1713 – John Sterne, Chancellor, rebuilt Dean's house in 1713; became Bishop of Dromore, and later of Clogher, and appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dublin in 1721
1713–1745 – Jonathan Swift, Prebendary of Dunlavin; the famous writer
1745–1746 – Gabriel James Maturin, Prebendary of Mulhuddart; previously Dean of Kildare
1746–1775 – Francis Corbet, Treasurer
1775–1794 – William Cradock, Prebendary of St. Audoen's
1794– Robert Fowler later (1813), Bishop of Ossory
1794–1810 – James Verschoyle, previously a Minor Canon, Vicar-Choral, Prebendary, Archdeacon of Glendalough and Precentor; later, Bishop of Killala and Achonry, 1810
1810–1818 – John William Keatinge, last Chaplain to the Irish House of Commons
1818–1828 – Richard Ponsonby, Precentor; later Bishop of Killaloe, 1828 then Bishop of Derry
1828–1842 – Henry Richard Dawson, oversaw both some renovation of the building and reorganisation of worship
1842–1842 – Robert Daly, Prebendary of Stagonil; election subsequently contested; later Bishop of Cashel and Waterford
1843–1864 – Henry Pakenham

Note that from 1846 to 1872, the office of Dean of Christ Church was united to that of Dean of St. Patrick's.

1864–1889 – John West, Archdeacon of Dublin

Post-Disestablishment

1889–1901 – Henry Jellett, Prebendary of Tymothan and Archdeacon of Cloyne
1902–1911 – John Henry Bernard, Treasurer, later Bishop of Ossory, then Archbishop of Dublin and Provost of Trinity College, Dublin
1911–1924 – Charles Thomas Ovenden, Prebendary of Monmohenock
1924–1933 – Hugh Jackson Lawlor, formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Trinity College, Dublin
1933–1935 – Thomas Arnold Harvey, afterwards Bishop of Cashel and Waterford, 1935
1935–1950 – David Frederick Ruddell Wilson
1950–1968 – William Cecil De Pauley
1958–1968 – John Ward Armstrong, afterwards Bishop of Cashel and Waterford, 1968 and later Archbishop of Armagh, 1980
1969–1991 – Victor Gilbert Benjamin Griffin
1991–1999 – Maurice Evan Stewart
1999–2012 – Robert MacCarthy
2012–2016 – Victor Stacey
2016–present – William Morton

Sources

London, G. Bell and Sons, 1924: St. Patrick's Cathedral Dublin; Bernard, J.H., former Dean of St. Patrick's, later Provost of Trinity College Dublin and Archbishop of Dublin

References

St. Patrick's Cathedral website