Cosmonautics Day (Russian: День Космона́втики, Den Kosmonavtiki) is an anniversary celebrated in Russia and some other former USSR countries on 12 April.[1][2][3] In Poland an "International Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics" (Polish: Międzynarodowy Dzień Lotnictwa i Kosmonautyki) is celebrated on the same day.[4] In 2011, 12 April was declared as the International Day of Human Space Flight in dedication of the first manned space flight made on 12 April 1961 by the 27-year-old Russian Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.[5] Gagarin circled the Earth for 1 hour and 48 minutes aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft.[6]
| Cosmonautics Day День космонавтики Den kosmonavtiki | |
|---|---|
 1965 Soviet postage stamp commemorating Cosmonautics Day | |
| Observed by | Russia, former USSR |
| Type | Historical |
| Significance | A celebration to commemorate the first manned earth orbit |
| Date | 12 April |
| Next time | 12 April 2025 |
| Frequency | annual |
| Related to | Yuri's Night |
History
The commemorative day was established in the Soviet Union one year later, on 9 April 1962. In modern Russia, it is celebrated in accordance with Article 1.1 of the Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia".[1]
Gagarin's flight was a triumph for the Soviet space program, and opened a new era in the history of space exploration. Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc and a famous figure around the world. Major newspapers around the globe published his biography and details of his flight. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to World War II Victory Parades. Gagarin was escorted in a long motorcade of high-ranking officials through the streets of Moscow to the Kremlin where, in a lavish ceremony, he was awarded the highest Soviet honour, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, by the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.[7]
Nowadays the commemoration ceremony on Cosmonautics Day starts in the city of Korolyov, near Gagarin's statue. Participants then proceed under police escort to Red Square for a visit to Gagarin's grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, and continue to Cosmonauts Alley, near the Monument to the Conquerors of Space. Finally, the festivities are concluded with a visit to the Novodevichy Cemetery.[citation needed]
In 1968, the 61st conference of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale resolved to celebrate this day as the World Aviation and Astronautics Day.[2][3]
On 12 April 1981, exactly 20 years after Vostok 1, a Space Shuttle (STS-1, Columbia) was launched for the first orbital flight, although this was a coincidence as the launch of STS-1 had been delayed for two days.[8]
On 7 April 2011 United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring 12 April as the International Day of Human Space Flight.[5]
In the 1960s the song 14 Минут до старта ("14 minutes until the launch") written by Oscar Feltsman and Vladimir Voynovich was considered the unofficial "anthem of cosmonautics" and regularly aired on this day in the USSR. In the 1980s it was eclipsed by the hit Trava u doma ("Grass at home") performed by the Russian VIA band Zemlyane ("The Earthlings"). The latter song was awarded the official status of the anthem of Russian Cosmonautics in 2010.[9] Russian cosmonauts have traditionally taken this song with them getting assigned for orbital deployments.[citation needed]
Since 2001, Yuri's Night, also known as the "World’s Space party",[10] is held every 12 April worldwide to commemorate milestones in space exploration.[11]
International Day of Human Space Flight
On April 12, 2017, the United Nations commemorated the International Day of Human Space Flight to celebrate the 56th anniversary of the first human space flight, which ushered in the beginning of the space era for mankind.[12]
Gallery
-
Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov on his way to lay a flower at the base of Yuri Gagarin's statue in Korolyov on Cosmonautics Day 2002 -
Fireworks in Moscow to the 50th Anniversary of spaceflight in 2011
See also
References
- ^ a b Государственная Дума. Федеральный закон №32-ФЗ от 13 марта 1995 г. «О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России», в ред. Федерального закона №59-ФЗ от 10 апреля 2009 г «О внесении изменения в статью 1.1 федерального закона "О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №52, 15 марта 1995 г. (State Duma. Federal Law #32-FZ of 13 March 1995 On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia, as amended by the Federal Law #59-FZ of 10 April 2009 On Amending Article 1.1 of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- ^ a b Russia marks Cosmonautics Day. Russian Radio, 12 April 2014
- ^ a b International Day of Human Space Flight, Cosmonautics Day in Russia. Sputnik, 12 April 2014
- ^ "Międzynarodowy Dzień Lotnictwa i Kosmonautyki". Elbląska Gazeta Internetowa. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
- ^ a b "UN Resolution A/RES/65/271, The International Day of Human Space Flight (12 April)". 7 April 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Aviation and Space World Records". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Антон Первушин (2011). "Гражданин мира". 108 минут, изменившие мир. Эксмо. ISBN 978-5-699-48001-2. (Anton Pervushin. 108 minutes which changed the world; in Russian)
- ^ "STS-1 Overview". NASA. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
- ^ "Песня нашего земляка стала гимном российской космонавтики". 31 March 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Darwin's Day to Yuri's Night: some science dates to remember". The Guardian. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Teague, Jason Cranford (14 February 2011). "Celebrate 50 Years of Human Space Flight on Yuri's Night". Wired. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ Jatinder, Kaur. "UN Organizes International Day of Human Space Flight". No. Online. ABC Live. ABC News & Info Services. Retrieved 13 April 2017.