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Back Bay station

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Back Bay station (also signed as Back Bay · South End) is an intermodal passenger station in Boston, Massachusetts. It is located just south of Copley Square in Boston's Back Bay and South End neighborhoods. It serves MBTA Commuter Rail and MBTA subway routes, and also serves as a secondary Amtrak intercity rail station for Boston. The present building, designed by Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, opened in 1987. It replaced the New Haven Railroad's older Back Bay station – which opened in 1928 as a replacement for an 1899-built station – as well as the New York Central's Huntington Avenue and Trinity Place stations which had been demolished in 1964.

Back Bay Station
The Dartmouth Street entrance to the station in 2024
General information
Location145 Dartmouth Street
Boston, Massachusetts
United States
Coordinates42°20′50″N 71°04′32″W / 42.3473°N 71.0755°W / 42.3473; -71.0755
Owned byMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Line(s)Attleboro Line (Northeast Corridor)
Southwest Corridor (Orange Line)
Worcester Main Line
Platforms1 island platform, 1 side platform (Northeast Corridor)
1 island platform (Orange Line)
1 island platform (Framingham/Worcester Line)
Tracks3 (Northeast Corridor)
2 (Orange Line)
2 (Framingham/Worcester Line)
ConnectionsBus transport MBTA bus: 10, 39
Construction
Bicycle facilities40 spaces in "Pedal and Park" bicycle cage
30 outside spaces
AccessibleYes
Other information
Station codeAmtrak: BBY
IATA codeZTY
Fare zone1A (MBTA Commuter Rail)
History
Opened1880 (Columbus Avenue)
1899 (Back Bay, Trinity Place, Huntington Avenue)
Rebuilt1929; May 4, 1987 (modern station)
Passengers
FY201915,646 daily boardings[1] (Orange Line)
20188,103 daily boardings[2] (Commuter Rail)
FY 2023750,036 annual boardings and alightings[3] (Amtrak)
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station
Route 128
toward Washington, D.C.
 Acela Boston South
Terminus
Framingham
toward Chicago
 Lake Shore Limited
Route 128
toward Norfolk, Newport News or Roanoke
 Northeast Regional
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Lansdowne
toward Worcester
 Framingham/​Worcester Line South Station
Terminus
Ruggles
toward Needham Heights
 Needham Line
Ruggles
toward Wickford Junction or Stoughton
 Providence/​Stoughton Line
Ruggles
toward Forge Park/495 or Foxboro
 Franklin/​Foxboro Line
weekdays
Dedham Corporate Center
toward Foxboro
 Foxboro event service
Massachusetts Avenue
toward Forest Hills
 Orange Line Tufts Medical Center
toward Oak Grove
Former services
Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station
Newton
toward Albany
 Boston and Albany Railroad
Main Line
 Boston
Terminus
Allston
toward Albany
Longwood
toward Riverside
 Highland branch
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Mount Hope
toward Dedham
 Dedham Branch
Closed 1967
 South Station
Terminus
Roslindale Village
toward Millis
 Millis Branch
Closed 1967
Preceding station New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Following station
Forest Hills
toward New Haven
 Shore Line Boston
Terminus
Roslindale Village
toward Woonsocket
 Charles River Line Terminus
Proposed services
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Ruggles
toward Battleship Cove or New Bedford
 South Coast Rail
Phase 2 (2030)
 South Station
Terminus
Location
Map

Although South Station is Boston's primary rail hub, Back Bay maintains high traffic levels due to its location in the Back Bay neighborhood near the Prudential Center development and its access to important Northeast Corridor services. All Amtrak Acela Express and Northeast Regional trains running to and from South Station stop at Back Bay, as does the Boston section of the Lake Shore Limited. Four MBTA Commuter Rail routes – the Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin/Foxboro Line, Needham Line, and Framingham/Worcester Line – also stop at Back Bay, as do the Orange Line subway and several local MBTA bus routes. It is the third-busiest MBTA Commuter Rail station (after North Station and South Station) and the sixth-busiest MBTA subway station.[1][2]

Station layout

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The station as seen from Berkeley Street, looking west. From left to right: Tracks 2, 1, 3; Orange Line tracks and train; Tracks 5 and 7.

There are 5 tracks serving Amtrak and commuter rail service. Tracks 2, 1, and 3 (in order south to north) serve Amtrak's Acela Express and Northeast Regional plus the MBTA's Providence/Stoughton Line, Franklin/Foxboro Line, and Needham Line. Tracks 5 and 7 serve the Framingham/Worcester Line and the Lake Shore Limited from a separate island platform.[4] Tracks 1 and 2 are considered the primary mainline tracks; the track numbering scheme used in the Boston area uses only odd numbers for additional tracks on the Track 1 side (hence Tracks 3, 5, and 7) and even numbers for tracks on the Track 2 side.[4] The Orange Line tracks and platform lie between these two groups of mainline rail tracks.

Back Bay is fully accessible. The station has full-length high-level platforms on the three Northeast Corridor tracks, and a mini-high platform for the Worcester Line tracks. Elevators are available to access all platforms from the street-level station building.

The main station building is located between Dartmouth Street and Clarendon Street; however, there are secondary exits from the platforms onto Dartmouth Street, Clarendon Street, and Columbus Avenue. The Dartmouth Street Underpass connects the Copley Place shopping mall with the main station building. The underpass was closed from March 6, 2016 to June 1, 2017 during construction at Copley Place, during which it was given some refurbishment.[5][6]

History

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Columbus Avenue station in 1898
 
The 1899-built Back Bay station on an early postcard

The Boston and Worcester Railroad opened from downtown Boston to Newton in 1834, and to Worcester within the next several years. The Boston and Providence Railroad opened from Park Square to East Providence later that year. The two lines crossed on causeways in the Back Bay, then still used as a mill pond.[7] Around 1880, the Boston and Albany Railroad (descendant of the B&W) opened its Columbus Avenue station to serve new developments on the filled bay.[8][9][10] In 1897, the New Haven Railroad (which owned the Boston and Providence and leased the Old Colony Railroad), the New York and New England Railroad, and the Boston and Albany formed the Boston Terminal Company to consolidate their four terminals into a new union station.

Simultaneous with the construction of the resulting South Station in 1899, the New Haven also built its first Back Bay Station just east of Dartmouth Street to compete with the B&A's Columbus Avenue station. Back Bay station opened on September 19, 1899 – the same day that Providence Division trains began using South Station.[11] The next year, the B&A replaced Columbus Avenue station with the westbound-only Trinity Place and eastbound-only Huntington Avenue stations.[12]

The current Back Bay Station opened on May 4, 1987, as part of the Orange Line's Southwest Corridor project and was dedicated by Governor Michael Dukakis.[13] It replaced the 1899-built and 1929-rebuilt ex-New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad station of the same name, of which some remnants can still be found at the eastern end of the present station facilities, including a carved stone embedded in the brick wall on the east side of Columbus Avenue.[14] The reopened station had South End as a secondary name, approved in 1985 as part of a series of station name changes.[15]

The 1987 reconstruction added a waiting area with a 9-foot bronze statue dedicated to civil rights and labor movement pioneer A. Philip Randolph. The area includes various posters with historical photographs and interview excerpts regarding Randolph's career in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and work with the Civil Rights Movement.

In 1990, a northbound commuter train running along the Providence/Stoughton Line was involved in a collision with a northbound Night Owl train. The accident, which occurred at the west end of Back Bay, injured 453 people, although there were no fatalities.[16]

On September 22, 2006, the MBTA began allowing free inbound travel from Back Bay to South Station. This change was to allow travel from Back Bay hotels to the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center and Logan International Airport (using the Silver Line from South Station) without the need to transfer to the Red Line.[17] Until replaced with the CharlieCard Store at Downtown Crossing on August 13, 2012, an MBTA customer service booth for special pass users was located at Back Bay station.[18] The entire Orange Line, including the Orange Line platform at Back Bay station, was closed from August 19 to September 18, 2022, during maintenance work. Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail service to the station was not changed.[19]

Air quality

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Northeast Corridor platforms at Back Bay in 2011; fumes in the air cause the halos around the ceiling lights

Back Bay station has suffered from poor air quality since its opening; passengers with lung conditions have been advised to avoid the station. Much of the commuter rail infrastructure at Back Bay is covered and enclosed, and so diesel fumes cannot escape quickly to the outside air. A petition drive in 2000 gathered complaints about the then-"longstanding" issue.[20] Studies in 2006 and 2008 showed that "the air was many, many times below air-quality standards" due to trapped diesel exhaust and soot. An earlier study showed elevated levels of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, particulates, and oxides of nitrogen, though it noted that there is no regulated standard to meet for indoor air quality in public spaces.

Though simple changes were made regarding scheduling, and checking to make sure train engines were running properly, in 2008 the MBTA claimed it lacked the financial resources to fully upgrade the ventilation system.[21]

In 2010, the MBTA announced that it had secured $3.0 million in federal stimulus money to improve the ventilation in the lobby.[22][23][24] While MBTA spokesman Joe Pesaturo said there was no health threat, a scientist at the Clean Air Task Force, a Boston-based nonprofit pollution research group stated, "Honestly, down on the platform it was some of the worst air quality I've measured." Additionally passengers and clerks working in the station have complained. The MBTA said then that it would complete an improved ventilation system by 2012.[25]

On October 8, 2014, Amtrak removed its customer service and ticketing agents from the station due to the persistent air quality issues. Back Bay was to be an unstaffed station "until further notice" as improvements are made.[26] Amtrak personnel returned in 2015, but Amtrak pulled them again effective October 1, 2016.[27]

The station has remained unstaffed since then, though two Quik-Trak kiosks are available. However, baggage cannot be checked at the station. Despite being unstaffed, it remains one of the busiest Amtrak stations in the country. In 2018, it was the fourth-busiest Amtrak station in New England (behind South Station, Providence and New Haven Union) and the 16th-busiest nationwide.[28]

A $10 million ventilation project, funded equally by MassDOT and Boston Properties, was bid in 2016. The work will improve ventilation at the platform level and add "air curtains" to prevent exhaust fumes from reaching the concourse.[29] As of 2019, final designs are due to be submitted in 2020, and the work is expected to take until at least 2022.[30]

Privatization and renovations

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Boston Properties (later BXP) purchased the adjacent parking garage in 2010. In 2014, the company began negotiating with the state for the right to build an air rights development atop the station and garage parcels, in exchange for managing the station and completing a $25 million renovation. Similar private management schemes were already in place at North Station and South Station, though without the real estate component.[31] An agreement was signed in late 2014, with the renovation budget increased to $32 million. In August 2015, the MBTA began paying Boston Properties a subsidy (as rents from retail spaces had been lower than expected) and agreed to fund some repairs to expansion joints not covered in the original agreement.[32]

Boston Properties filed notice with the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) in December 2015, beginning the permitting process.[33] Plans for the station and development were released in March 2016. The station renovation would include restoration of the original architecture, relocation of the Orange Line entrances, expanded waiting areas in the main concourse, renovated bathrooms, improved ventilation, and new retail spaces surrounding the concourse. The station work was then scheduled to begin in 2017 pending BRA approval.[34][35] By 2019, construction was planned to begin in 2021.[36] In 2024, BXP indicated that the tower project was on hold.[37]

Plans for wayfinding signage, lighting, and other station improvements for the Orange Line station were completed by May 2021.[38] On September 26, 2021, nine people were injured when an escalator at the station malfunctioned.[39]

References

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  1. ^ a b "A Guide to Ridership Data". MassDOT/MBTA Office of Performance Management and Innovation. June 22, 2020. p. 6.
  2. ^ a b Central Transportation Planning Staff (2019). "2018 Commuter Rail Counts". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  3. ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2023: Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (PDF). Amtrak. March 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Held, Patrick R. (2010). "Massachusetts Bay Colony Railroad Track Charts" (PDF). Johns Hopkins Association for Computing Machinery. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  5. ^ "Subway Service Alerts: Orange Line". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016.
  6. ^ "Subway Service Alerts: Orange Line". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. April 4, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017.
  7. ^ Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1842). "Boston with Charlestown and Roxbury" – via WardMaps.
  8. ^ Barrett, Richard C. (1996). Boston's Depots and Terminals. Railroad Research Publications. pp. 137–147. ISBN 1-884650-03-1.
  9. ^ Sweetser, M. F. (1880). "New Map of Boston". Boston Map Company – via Ward Maps.
  10. ^ Atlas of the City of Boston, Boston Proper. Vol. 1. G.W. Bromley and Co. 1883 – via Ward Maps.
  11. ^ Jacobs, Warren (October 1928). "Dates of Some of the Principal Events in the History of 100 Years of the Railroad in New England. 1826–1926". Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. 17 (17). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 15–28. JSTOR 43504499.
  12. ^ Humphrey, Thomas J. & Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-685-41294-7.
  13. ^ "Boston-Back Bay, MA". Great American Stations. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
  14. ^ Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses. Branch Line Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-942147-08-7.
  15. ^ Crocket, Douglas S. (July 27, 1985). "T board votes to change the names of some stations". Boston Globe. p. 26 – via Newspapers.com.  
  16. ^ "Railroad Accident Report RAR-92-01: Derailment and Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 66 with MBTA Commuter Train 906 at Back Bay Station, Boston, Massachusetts, December 12, 1990" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC. 25 February 1992.
  17. ^ "MBTA Announces Free Commuter Rail Service From Back Bay To South Station" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. September 22, 2006.
  18. ^ Rocheleau, Matt (13 August 2012). "MBTA opens new CharlieCard Store inside Downtown Crossing Station". Boston Globe. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  19. ^ "A Rider's Guide to Planning Ahead: Upcoming Orange & Green Line Service Suspensions" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. August 2022.
  20. ^ Palmer, Thomas C. Jr. (May 27, 2001). "PETITION DRIVE PUTS FOCUS ON FOUL-SMELLING T STATION COMMUTER SEEKS TO CLEAR THE AIR OF DIESEL FUMES". Boston Globe. p. B2 – via Newspapers.com.  
  21. ^ "Bad Air at Back Bay Too Costly to Fix, T Says". The Boston Globe. August 31, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  22. ^ "Federal stimulus funds mean state to do something about the lung-cancer chamber known as Back Bay station". Universal Hub. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  23. ^ "AMERICAN RECOVERY AND REINVESTMENT ACT OF 2009 MBTA PROJECT STATUS AS OF 7/1/10" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 14, 2011.[permanent dead link‍]
  24. ^ "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 MBTA Implementation & Oversight" (PDF). National Council for Public-Private Partnerships. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  25. ^ Rocheleau, Matt (October 1, 2010). "Amid Complaints, T Aims to Fix Back Bay Station's Ventilation System". The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  26. ^ "Boston, MA (BBY)". Amtrak. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014.
  27. ^ "Boston, MA (BBY)". Amtrak. Archived from the original on September 22, 2016.
  28. ^ "Amtrak National Facts" (PDF). Amtrak. 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  29. ^ Chesto, Jon (4 April 2016). "Relief could be coming for Back Bay commuters weary of diesel fumes". Boston Globe. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  30. ^ "Back Bay Station Improvements". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019.
  31. ^ Ross, Casey (June 18, 2014). "Skyscraper envisioned at Back Bay station: Developer would manage T facility in return for rights". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014.
  32. ^ Logan, Tim (August 10, 2015). "Deal to privatize MBTA station debuts with shortfalls". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016.
  33. ^ Logan, Tim (December 30, 2015). "New complex proposed over Back Bay Station". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016.
  34. ^ Logan, Tim; Chesto, Jon (March 29, 2016). "Dramatic remake coming to Back Bay Station". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016.
  35. ^ BP Hancock LLC via Boston Properties Limited Partnership (March 29, 2016). "The Back Bay / South End Gateway Project – Project Notification Form". Boston Redevelopment Authority.
  36. ^ "Massive air-rights project over Back Bay Station inches ahead". Boston Herald. November 20, 2019. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020.
  37. ^ Treffeisen, Beth (November 1, 2024). "27-story Back Bay Station tower on hold, developer says". Boston Globe. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
  38. ^ Brelsford, Laura (May 24, 2021). "System-Wide Accessibility Initiatives—May 2021" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Department of System-Wide Accessibility. p. 5.
  39. ^ "9 Hurt After Escalator Malfunctioned And Flattened Into 'A Slide' At Back Bay Station". WBUR. September 27, 2021. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021.
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