Rhododendron groenlandicum (bog Labrador tea, muskeg tea, swamp tea, or in northern Canada, Hudson's Bay tea;[2] formerly Ledum groenlandicum or Ledum latifolium)[3] is a flowering shrub with white flowers and evergreen leaves that is used to make a herbal tea.
| Rhododendron groenlandicum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Rhododendron |
| Subgenus: | Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron |
| Section: | Rhododendron sect. Rhododendron |
| Subsection: | R. subsect. Ledum |
| Species: | R. groenlandicum
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhododendron groenlandicum | |
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| Distribution of Rhododendrom groenlandicum | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editIt is a low shrub growing to 50 centimetres (20 inches) tall—rarely up to 2 metres (6+1⁄2 feet)—with evergreen leaves 2–6 cm (3⁄4–2+3⁄8 in) long and 3–15 millimetres (1⁄8–5⁄8 in) broad. The leaves are wrinkled on top, densely hairy white to red-brown underneath, and have a leathery texture, curling at the edges. The tiny white flowers grow in hemispherical clusters and are very fragrant and sticky.[4]
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Illustration by William Miller -
Specimen in Newfoundland and Labrador -
Dry leaves -
Underside of leaves -
Leaves and buds -
Close-up of flowers
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Distribution and habitat
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It is reported from Greenland, as well as from every province and territory in Canada and in the north of the United States including the Northeast (New England, New York, Pennsylvania), the Northwest (Oregon, Washington, Idaho), parts of the Upper Midwest (Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota) and Alaska.[5]
It grows in bogs, muskegs, and open tundra, as well as occasionally on wet shores and rocky alpine slopes.[6][7]
Toxicity
editThe plant contains toxic alkaloids which are poisonous to livestock and may be toxic to humans in concentrated doses.[7]
Uses
editThe leaves are regularly used to make beverages and medicines—most commonly a fragrant tea—by many Native American tribes such as the Quinault and Makah, the Potawatomi, the Anishinaabe, the Iroquois, and First Nations tribes in Canada.[7] When European explorers arrived, they soon adopted these uses as well, dubbing it "Indian plant tea".[7] During the American Revolutionary War, it was used as a substitute for tea.[7]
It is sometimes grown as an ornamental shrub.[7]
Its essential oil is popular in aromatherapy.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Rhododendron groenlandicum". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 502. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
- ^ Kron, Kathleen Anne; Judd (1990). "Phylogenetic Relationships within the Rhodoreae (Ericaceae) with Specific Comments on the Placement of Ledum". Systematic Botany. 15 (1): 67. doi:10.2307/2419016. JSTOR 2419016.
- ^ Peterson, R. T. and McKenny, M. A Field Guide to Wildflowers Northeastern and North-central North America.
- ^ "Rhododendron groenlandicum". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ Kron, Kathleen A.; Judd, Walter S. (1990). "Rhododendron groenlandicum". Systematic Botany. 15 (1). Flora of North America: 57–68. doi:10.2307/2419016. JSTOR 2419016.
- ^ a b c d e f g Anderson, M. (2011). Plant Guide for bog Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) (PDF). Greensboro, NC.: USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Plant Data Team.
External links
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