Barisal guns or fog guns (mistpoeffers (fog dissipators) in Belgium and Netherlands, Seeschießen (sea/lake gunshots) in Germany, brontidi (thunder-like) or baturlio marinas in Italy)[1] are a series of loud booms heard near the Barisal region of East Bengal (currently in Bangladesh) in the 19th century.[2][3] There are various theories about the origin of the sound. One common explanation is that it was caused by the sound of waves, broken up by local topography,[1] but geological origins have also been proposed.[1] The sound is an example of a skyquake – an unexplained sudden loud sound without corresponding earthquake activity. Similar sounds have been reported in many waterfront communities around the world such as the Ganges Delta and Brahmaputra River delta in Bangladesh,[3] the East Coast and inland Finger Lakes of the United States, as well as areas of the North Sea,[4] the lakes of southern Germany,[5][6] Japan and Italy; and sometimes away from water.[citation needed]
The unexplained source of the phenomenon has drawn mystical interpretations, for example in Theosophical writings.[7]
References edit
- ^ a b c Krehl, Peter O. (2008). History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference. Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. p. 350. ISBN 9783540304210. OCLC 932632748.
- ^ See:
- Bysack, Bábu Gour Doss (1867). "The antiquities of Bagarhat". Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 36: 81–82. See p. 82.
- Rainey, H. James (August 1870). "Letter from H. James Rainey, Esq., Zemindar of Khulna, Jessore, addressed to Henry F. Blanford, Esq". Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 39: 243–251.
- Pellew, Fleetwood H. (November 1870). "Barisal guns". Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 39: 289–290.
- Rainey, H.J. (November 1870). "Barisal guns". Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 39: 290–291.
- Scott, George B. (2 January 1896). "Barisal guns". Nature. 53: 197.
- ^ a b LaTouche, T.D. (1890). "On the sounds known as the 'Barisal Guns,' occurring in the Gangetic delta". Report of the Sixtieth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 60: 800.
- ^ Darwin, George Howard (31 October 1895). ""Barisal guns" and "mist pouffers"". Nature. 52: 650. doi:10.1038/052650a0. S2CID 4005208.
- ^ Krauss, Friedrich (1904). "Über das Seeschießen" [About Barisal guns]. Blätter des Schwäbischen Albvereins (in German). 16: 75–78, 144–146, 170–174. Available at: Blätter des Schwäbischen Albvereins – online (Search term: Seeschießen)
- ^ Zeppelin, Eberhard (1896). "Zum sogenannten "Seeschießen"" [On the so-called "sea / lake gunshots"]. Schriften des Vereins für Geschichte des Bodensees und seiner Umgebung [Writings of the Association for the History of the Bodensee and its Environs] (in German). 25: 30–68.
- ^ Lucifer. Theosophical Publishing Company. 1890. pp. 289–291.