Atypical canine infectious respiratory disease complex
Atypical canine infectious respiratory disease complex (aCIRDC) is a proposed novel respiratory disease in dogs of unknown cause. It has been recorded in 19 US states, with more cases on the West Coast.[1][2][3]
It has also been referred to as respiratory syndrome of unknown etiology in dogs and as canine respiratory disease of unknown origin.[4]
History edit
It was first described in summer 2023 as a cluster of 200 cases around Portland, Oregon.[5]
Characteristics edit
Symptoms include a cough, fever, lethargy, sneezing and watery eyes. In some cases, the illness proceeds to death.[1] Cases tend to fit three clinical syndromes: chronic mild/moderate tracheobronchitis of prolonged duration (6+ weeks),[6] with coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes; chronic pneumonia that is minimally responsive to antimicrobials, possibly including dyspnea; and, rarely, acute pneumonia that rapidly becomes severe and can lead to death.[7][8] Most cases are self-limiting and respond well to supportive care.[9] Antibiotics may be indicated.[8]
Diagnosis should rule out known forms of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC; also known as kennel cough). aCIRDC does not respond to regular treatment protocols for CIRCD and the course of the disease is longer and more severe.[10]
There is no evidence that it can spread to humans.[1]
Cause edit
The cause is currently unknown.[1]
The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire have put forth a possible bacterium as the cause.[7][1] They have tentatively identified this as IOLA KY405,[11] which was previously identified in humans in 2021.[12] This is similar to Mycoplasma in lacking a cell wall and having a small genome.[11][13]
However, other vets have suggested that this might just represent a peak in CIRDC cases and not involve any new pathogens. This could be due to changes in human behaviour following the end of COVID-19 lockdowns and other COVID-19-related disruption to veterinary care (e.g. frequency of vaccination), as well as to the general increase in dog numbers in the US.[14][8]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e "Dog respiratory illness map update: Mystery disease spreads to more states". Newsweek. 29 January 2024.
- ^ "Dog respiratory illness maps show its spread to 16 states". Newsweek. 13 December 2023.
- ^ "Dog respiratory illness map shows 14 states affected". Newsweek. 28 November 2023.
- ^ "Canine respiratory disease outbreaks". 25 August 2022.
- ^ "Understanding Atypical Canine Respiratory Disease | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health". 5 December 2023.
- ^ "Map shows where mysterious dog respiratory illness has spread in U.S. - CBS News". CBS News. 19 December 2023.
- ^ a b "LSU Vet Med raises awareness about Atypical Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (ACIRDC): Symptoms, Research, and Precautions".
- ^ a b c https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2023-12/canine-respiratory-mystery-what-we-know-about-the-outbreak/
- ^ "Q&A: What to Know About a Mysterious Dog Illness Sweeping the Country". 20 December 2023.
- ^ "Canine respiratory disease outbreaks". 25 August 2022.
- ^ a b https://assets-002.noviams.com/novi-file-uploads/mvma/pdfs-and-documents/Regulatory/K9_Atypical_Pneumonia_Update_V2.pdf
- ^ Fukuda, Kazumasa; Yamasaki, Kei; Ogura, Yoshitoshi; Kawanami, Toshinori; Ikegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Shingo; Akata, Kentarou; Katsura, Keisuke; Yatera, Kazuhiro; Mukae, Hiroshi; Hayashi, Tetsuya; Taniguchi, Hatsumi (2021). "A human respiratory tract-associated bacterium with an extremely small genome". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 628. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02162-6. PMC 8155191. PMID 34040152.
- ^ "Mysterious respiratory illness in dogs explained". Newsweek. 24 November 2023.
- ^ "Penn Vet | Three takeaways on respiratory illness in dogs".