Alice McLellan Birney (October 19, 1858 – December 20, 1907) was an American educator who co-founded the National Parent-Teacher Association in 1897.
Alice McLellan Birney | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alice Josephine McLellan October 19, 1858 Marietta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | December 20, 1907 (aged 49) Chevy Chase, Maryland, U.S. |
| Resting place | Oak Hill Cemetery Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Alma mater | Mount Holyoke Seminary |
| Occupation | Educator |
Early life and education
editAlice Josephine McLellan was born in Marietta, Georgia, the daughter of Leander and Harriet Tatem McLellan. She finished high school at age 15. After briefly attending Mount Holyoke College, she worked as a schoolteacher, an advertiser, and a social worker.[1]
Career
editShe and Phoebe Hearst founded the National Congress of Mothers, later known as the Parent-Teacher Association, with the first meeting held in Washington, D. C. in 1897.[2][3] Birney served as president for its first five years. Birney also wrote widely on the topic of child-rearing, including the 1905 book Childhood, a compilation of her articles written for The Delineator and other publications.[4][5] Due to her declining health, Birney was replaced by Hannah Kent Schoff in 1902 as president of the National Congress of Mothers.[6]
Personal life and legacy
editAfter her first husband, lawyer Alonzo J. White Jr., died in 1880, she married Theodore Weld Birney (a grandson of James G. Birney) in 1892.[4] She had three daughters, Alonsita Eliza White (b. 1881), Catherine Weld Birney (b. 1893), and Lillian Harriet Birney (b. 1895). "Weld" is a reference to Theodore Dwight Weld. She was again widowed in 1897. Birney died of cancer at Chevy Chase, Maryland, in 1907, age 49; her remains were buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington D.C.[7][8]
Because of her efforts, a number of elementary and middle schools throughout the United States have been named in her honor, including Alice M. Birney Elementary School in Long Beach, California,[9] Alice M. Birney Elementary School in Pico Rivera, California,[10] Alice Birney Elementary[11] in San Diego, California, Alice M. Birney Middle School (defunct)[12] in Southfield, Michigan, Alice Birney Waldorf Elementary School, Sacramento, California,[13] and Alice Birney Middle School (defunct) in North Charleston, South Carolina[14] and Alice Birney Elementary in Fresno, California.
References
edit- ^ "Alice J. McLellan Birney," Archived 2018-04-20 at the Wayback Machine Mount Holyoke College website.
- ^ "PTA HONORS A FOUNDER: Memorial Held at Marietta, Ga., for Alice Birney". New York Times: 28. February 18, 1947. ProQuest 107820327.
- ^ "Birney, Alice McLellan (1858–1907)." Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Ed. Anne Commire. Vol. 2. Detroit: Yorkin Publications, 2000. 557. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 27 June 2013. [1]
- ^ a b "Alice Josephine McLellan Birney". Retrieved June 27, 2013.
- ^ Birney, Alice McLellan (May 21, 1905). "Childhood". F.A. Stokes Company. Retrieved May 21, 2024 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ladd-Todd, Molly (1994). Mother-work: Women, Child Welfare, and the State, 1890-1930. University of Illinois Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780252064821. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- ^ Elvena B. Tillman, "Alice Josephine McLellan Birney," in Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James, and Paul S. Boyer, eds., Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary (Harvard University Press 1971): 147-148. ISBN 0674627342
- ^ "Oak Hill Cemetery, Georgetown, D.C." (PDF). oakhillcemeterydc.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
- ^ "Alice M. Birney Elementary School website". Retrieved May 21, 2024.
- ^ Beth Uyehara, "Old Boat Finds Friendly Berth in Birney Schoolyard" Los Angeles Times (March 19, 1987).
- ^ "Home".
- ^ Alice Birney in Eureka Ca, Birney School in Redondo Beach California[2],Alice M. Birney Middle School website K-8
- ^ "Alice Birney - Home Page". October 29, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
- ^ "Alice Birney Middle School". propublica.org. Retrieved May 21, 2024.