Alexander Carter Graham MM (1881–1957) and Peter Graham MBE (1878–1961) were mountaineers, guides and hotel operators in New Zealand. They were instrumental in the establishment of the early New Zealand tourist industry and earned themselves worldwide reputations as climbers and guides.[1][2]
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Note Grahams' Saddle and Alec's Knob. The church is just in front of the nearest end of the bridge. The airfield's windsock is clearly visible
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Graham family of Ōkārito edit
Alec and Peter Graham were born at Three Mile Beach, Okarito, the fifth and sixth children of nurse and midwife Isabella and her husband from Paisley, Scotland, David Graham, a goldminer, storekeeper,[3][4] Three Mile River ferryman[5] and later a baker. The family made a farm at Waiho by Franz Josef Glacier.[6]
After their father died in October 1900[7] four of the six sons moved away from Ōkārito and the youngest, Alec and Peter, remained at the Waiho / Waiau farm. Now on her own, Isabella, as well as nurse and midwife, was postmistress, ran a store and took in paying guests.[1]
Alec and Peter made careers climbing and guiding visitors, and Peter joined the New Zealand Tourist and Publicity Department.[1]
Accommodation for climbers edit
Alec and another brother, Jim, bought the small hotel at Waiho in 1911 and five of the brothers together winched the building up to a new site above flood level. They added another storey to the building and opened it under the name Franz Josef Glacier Hotel.[1] Jim died in 1921[8] and in 1923 Peter moved to Waiho to replace him, leaving his post of chief guide at Mount Cook.[9] They further improved the hotel and generated electricity for it from the river.[10][11]
The family atmosphere generated by Isabella, who died in 1918,[12] followed by Jim's wife and then widow Rose, in addition to the Graham brothers' guiding and climbing expertise, gave the 120-guest hotel a special character that became world-renowned.[1] Peter and Alec donated land for St James Church, although a building was not erected until 1931, when services outgrew the hotel.[13]
Air Travel (NZ) edit
Access to Waiho was always tedious.[14] A landing field was completed in 1932.[15] The Canterbury Aero Club made open cockpit taxi flights bringing international climbers and tourists from Christchurch. With the leadership of Bert Mercer the Graham family[16] founded what became Air Travel (NZ) Ltd to provide a regular passenger service to Waiho in a fully enclosed aircraft, Fox Moth ZK ADI, which began operations in December 1934.[17] After the second World War Air Travel (NZ) became part of NAC and then Air New Zealand.
Alec, Rose and Peter ran the hotel for another 25 years before selling it to Tourist and Publicity (this section of Tourist and Publicity was later renamed the Tourist Hotel Corporation) and retiring in 1947.[1][18][19] Tourist Hotel Corporation built a new hotel on the site in 1965, "the grandest on the West Coast". In March 2016 the river flooded and sent water up to two metres deep through the buildings, effectively destroying them.[20] Little of the physical evidence of the Graham's life work remains beyond the little church.
Recognition and legacy edit
Mount Graham, beside Mount Cook, was named on 18 January 1938 by S.B. Thompson, G.L. Clark, and Jack Cox for Peter and Alec Graham.[21] In the 1956 Queen's Birthday Honours, Peter Graham was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, in recognition of his services as a mountaineer and alpine guide.[22]
Peter Graham had an interest in New Zealand alpine botany, sending plant specimens to Donald Petrie[23] and taking botanists such as H.H. Allan and G.H. Cunningham into the field.[24] Some of Peter Graham's collections are type specimens,[23][25] and he has at least three flowering plants named after him, namely Ranunculus grahamii, Helichrysum grahamii, and Veronica grahamii, as well as one rust, Puccinia grahamii.[26][27][28]
Alec's daughter Dorothy Fletcher compiled his mountaineering photographs into the Alec Graham Photographic Collection and donated this to the Macmillan Brown Library at the University of Canterbury.
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Biography, Te Ara Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
- ^ Otago Daily Times 1 July 1946, Page 4
- ^ Townsend and Graham, West Coast Times 3 June 1873, Page 4
- ^ West Coast Times 22 December 1873, Page 3
- ^ West Coast Times 20 March 1879, Page 2
- ^ West Coast Times 13 September 1894, Page 2
- ^ West Coast Times 15 October 1900, Page 2
- ^ Hokitika Guardian 15 September 1921 Page 2
- ^ Personal. Evening Star 18 December 1922 Page 8
- ^ Mountaineering. Hokitika Guardian 21 May 1930 Page 8
- ^ Sunny South. Hokitika Guardian 20 June 1938 Page 5
- ^ Late Locals. Hokitika Guardian 4 December 1918 Page 3
- ^ Church in the Alps New Zealand Herald 28 April 1931 Page 10
- ^ Waiho Gorge, Peter Graham's Plan. Hokitika Guardian 26 July 1930 Page 2
- ^ Evening Post 14 June 1932 Page 8
- ^ Air Transport, West Coast Service. Auckland Star 26 May 1934 Page 11
- ^ Christchurch Press page 22, 18 December 1934
- ^ Evening Star 24 June 1947, Page 4
- ^ Gisborne Herald 9 December 1947, Page 5
- ^ Franz Josef Hotel "pretty much munted" Otago Daily Times Wednesday, 30 March 2016. Accessed 25 November 2018
- ^ Mount Graham, New Zealand Gazetter
- ^ "No. 40789". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 31 May 1956. p. 3144.
- ^ a b Petrie, Donald (1 January 1914). "Descriptions of new native phanerogams". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 46: 32–39.
- ^ Cunningham, Gordon Herriot (1 January 1928). "Sixth Supplement to the Uredinales and Ustilaginales of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 59: 491–505.
- ^ "Peter Graham MBE | Collections Online - Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- ^ "International Plant Names Index". ipni.org. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- ^ Cunningham, Gordon Herriot (1 January 1928). "Sixth Supplement to the Uredinales and Ustilaginales of New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 59: 491–505.
- ^ "Graham, Alexander Carter and Graham, Peter". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 1 August 2023.