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Pakistan receives foreign aid from several countries and international organizations.
Education aid
editPakistan received $649 million in aid for education in 2015, the highest it had received so far. the aid had increased from $586 million in 2014 to $649 million in 2015. The paper also reports that Pakistan received the most aid out of all the countries in Southern Asia, with India just behind receiving $589 million in 2015. The biggest part of the aid to Pakistan was given for basic education. Out of the total $649 million, $371 million or 57.16 per cent was given for basic education.[1]
Election support
editOne of the biggest organizations supporting the electoral process in Pakistan is the Election Support Group (ESG). ESG is an internationally supported group of interested parties, made 32 specific recommendations to the Election Commission based on the recommendations of 16 international organizations.[2] A meeting was held in October 2009 to present these ideas to the commission. The Commission commissioned ESG to provide them with a recommendations on how to best solve the addressed problems.[3]
Saudi Arabia
editIn 2013, Saudi Arabian government donated US$1.5 billion to Pakistan to increase its foreign reserves and meet its needs of balance of trade deficit.[4]
United States
editFormer US Ambassador to Pakistan Anne W. Patterson addressed senior bureaucrats at the National Management College and emphasised that the United States will assist Pakistan's new democratic government in the areas of development, stability, and security.[5] In 2008, The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Pakistan, officially announced the signing of an agreement valued at $8.4 million to help ease Pakistan's food crisis.[5]
Election support
editIn 2006, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) implemented a 9 million dollar contract through USAID to install a computerised electoral rolls system for the Pakistani government.[6]
USAID, IFES, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) have also coordinated a number of initiatives to help train election officials in Pakistan. Part of this activity was the establishment of a Federal Election Academy and a library to support the Election Commission of Pakistan.[7]
Financial aid to Pakistan since the 11 September 2001 attacks
editBetween 2002 and 2011, US Congress approved $18 billion in military and economic aid from the United States.[citation needed] However the Pakistan Treasury only received $8.647 billion in direct financial payments.[citation needed]
In 2007, Bush administration officials alleged that a significant portion of the military aid sent to Pakistan to counter Al Qaeda never made it to the front lines and was instead being used to counter India.[8] In 2008, U.S. officials claimed that nearly 70% (roughly $3.4 billion) of military aid was misspent between 2002 and 2007.[9] In 2008, some criticism surfaced after USAid revealed to the House Foreign Affairs Committee that up to 30% of aid sent to Afghanistan and Pakistan were used on U.S. based contractors and consultants.[10]
Cuts in aid
editThe Kerry-Lugar Bill passed in 2009 after democratic elections occurred in Pakistan. This bill included $1.5 billion in annual assistance to Pakistan from 2009 through 2014 but required the Pakistani government to take certain steps to fight terrorism within the country in order to receive the funds.[11] In some of the years between 2009 and 2014, the U.S. congress did not allocate the full amount of $1.5 billion.[12]
In 2018, the Trump administration cut aid to Pakistan by approximately $300 million,[13] marks the cancellation of all US military aid to Pakistan.[14] Aid cuts continued into the Biden administration, with total civilian aid dropping to less than $200 million in 2022.[15]
Corruption
editThe United States officials believe that channeling the aid through Pakistani agencies may lead to a more effective implementation of the foreign aid.[16] Officials further supported this idea as they believe that Pakistani civilian bureaucracies did not have the capacity to be effective aid implementing partners.[16] In addition to internal corruption, reports from Pakistan also suggest that large amounts of foreign aid were being used to fund its war against India and maintain a position of power against their rivals India.[16] As a result, reportedly nearly half of the aid given to Pakistan is being rendered unused due to corruption and the United States believes that altering its method of channeling the aid is the way to improve the implementation.
Security concerns
editAs a result of security concerns and inability of American aid workers to deliver the aid to certain regions in Pakistan, Pakistani institutions are responsible for a majority of the aid delivery to regions including the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The areas needing the aid have residents that have anti-American sentiment and hence the delivery of any aid containing the American flag or label has led to several extremist attacks and reactions.[16] In 2012, aid organizations including the International Committee of the Red Cross were forced to shut down operations in FATA regions of Pakistan after finding a British national employee had been beheaded as a result of negative perception to aid.[16] The idea that the residents in these areas "don't like America anymore"[16] poses great security risks for aid delivery for the United States and form a roadblock to the effective implementation of the aid in Pakistan. The need to outsource delivery to Pakistan leads to a lack of control and difficulty in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the aid and has been a leading cause of the ineffective implementation of U.S. aid.[16]
Military and economic aid
edit| Year | Military (USD in billions) | Economic (USD in billions) |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 1.36 | 1.233 for 2002 to 2003 |
| 2003 | 1.577 | |
| 2004 | 1.500 | |
| 2005 | 1.313 | .338 |
| 2006 | 1.260 | .539 |
| 2007 | 1.115 | .567 |
| 2008 | 1.435 | .507 |
| 2009 | 1.689 | 1.366 |
| 2010 | 1.232 | 1.409 |
| 2011 | 1.685 | |
| Total | 11.740[17] | 6.08[18] |
In total, the United States obligated nearly $78.3 billion to Pakistan between 1948 and 2016 (adjusted to 2016 value of dollar).[19][20]
United Kingdom
editUnited Kingdom pledged £665 million to Pakistan from 2009 to 2013.[21] Between 2014 and 2019, Pakistan was the largest recipient of direct UK foreign development aid. It received approximately £320 million in aid in 2019/20 as part of Department for International Development's programme.[22]
Pakistani proposals for foreign assistance
editFree trade deals
editPakistan has been trying to negotiate free trade deals with the EU and America as part of Western assistance in war against terror instead of aid. This policy is supported by the Washington-based think tank Center for Global Development.[23]
Debt cancellation
editPakistan has been trying to negotiate debt cancellation. Currently Pakistan spends $6 billion on debt servicing annually.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Amid global decline, international aid for education in Pakistan increases". The Express Tribune. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ International Foundation for Electoral Systems (2009). "Election Support Group". Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ^ "CEC-ESG discuss Electoral Reforms Recommendations". Islamabad: The Associated Press of Pakistan. 12 October 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
- ^ Dawn.com, APP (15 March 2014). "Dar terms $1.5bn donation a 'gift from friends'". DAWN.COM.
- ^ a b "The United States Embassy". Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2008.
- ^ Computerised electoral rolls system installed Archived 28 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Daily Times (Pakistan), 10 September 2008. Accessed 23 July 2009.
- ^ Capacity building key to meet modern day challenges, The International News (Pakistan), 14 July 2009. Accessed 7 August 2009.
- ^ Rohde, David; Gall, Carlotta; Schmitt, Eric; Sanger, David E. (24 December 2007). "U.S. Officials See Waste in Billions Sent to Pakistan". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Walsh, Declan (27 February 2008). "Up to 70% of US aid to Pakistan 'misspent'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Upadhyay, Brajesh (16 May 2008). "US aid 'failing to reach target'". BBC News. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ "Pakistan: The Kerry Lugar Bill". Global Voices. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "No Kerry-Lugar fund for Pakistan since 2013: US". The Economic Times. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ Ward, Alex (4 September 2018). ""Why Trump cut millions in military aid to Pakistan"". Vox. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ "Exclusive: Pentagon cancels aid to Pakistan over record on militants". Reuters. 1 September 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Foreign Assistance By Country - Pakistan". ForeignAssistance.gov. 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Epstein, Susan; Kronstadt, Alan (1 July 2013). "Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance" (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
- ^ http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Final_DP_2009_06_08092009.pdf
- ^ Department of Defense statistics
- ^ "Centre for Global development".
- ^ "Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2015" (PDF).
- ^ Croft, Adrian. "INTERVIEW - UK Conservatives would step up Pakistan aid effort". reuters.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- ^ "UK MPs to investigate £302m aid given to Pakistan". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ "Pakistan seeking trade, not aid: Gilani". 26 December 2013. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013.
External links
edit- Reassessing Foreign Assistance to Pakistan
- Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance Congressional Research Service