1,2-Dichloropropane is an organic compound classified as a chlorocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. it is obtained as a byproduct of the production of epichlorohydrin, which is produced on a large scale.[4]
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
1,2-Dichloropropane | |
| Other names
Propylene dichloride, Propane, 1,2-dichloro-
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.048 |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1279 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C3H6Cl2 | |
| Molar mass | 112.98 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | like chloroform |
| Density | 1.156 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) |
| Boiling point | 95 to 96 °C (203 to 205 °F; 368 to 369 K) |
| 0.26 g/100 mL (at 20 °C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 40 mmHg (20°C)[2] |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 
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| Danger | |
| H225, H302, H332, H350 | |
| P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 16 °C (61 °F; 289 K) |
| 557 °C (1,035 °F; 830 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 3.4%-14.5%[2] |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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860 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 1947 mg/kg (rat, oral) 2000 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)[3] |
LC50 (median concentration)
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2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 720 ppm (mouse, 10 hr) 2980 ppm (rat, 8 hr)[3] |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3)[2] |
REL (Recommended)
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Ca[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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Ca [400 ppm][2] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Uses
edit1,2-Dichloropropane is an intermediate in the production of perchloroethylene and other chlorinated chemicals.[4] It was once used as a soil fumigant, chemical intermediate, as well as an industrial solvent and was found in paint strippers, varnishes, and furniture finish removers but some of these uses have been discontinued.[5]
Carcinogenity
editFollowing several cases of bile duct cancer among Japanese printing firm employees, an investigation by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare concluded in March 2013 that these cases were likely due to the use of cleaning agents containing 1,2-dichloropropane. Thus, there is reasonable evidence that 1,2-dichloropropane may be a carcinogen.[6][7]
Data from animal studies show tumor growth in the liver and mammary glands.[8] Further animal studies involving inhalation toxicity data has caused the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to classify 1,2-dichloropropane as a carcinogen and IDLH.[9]
References
edit- ^ 1,2-Dichloropropane at Sigma-Aldrich
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0534". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b "Propylene dichloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b Manfred Rossberg, Wilhelm Lendle, Gerhard Pfleiderer, Adolf Tögel, Eberhard-Ludwig Dreher, Ernst Langer, Heinz Rassaerts, Peter Kleinschmidt, Heinz Strack, Richard Cook, Uwe Beck, Karl-August Lipper, Theodore R. Torkelson, Eckhard Löser, Klaus K. Beutel, Trevor Mann "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2.
- ^ "ToxFAQs for 1,2-Dichloropropane". Retrieved 2010-06-16.
- ^ Report by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- ^ Article in the Yomiuri Shimbun
- ^ CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
- ^ Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)