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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Perth
| type = [[List of towns and cities in Scotland by population|City]] and [[Administrative centre]]
| blank_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]]
| blank_info = {{gbmappingsmall|NO115235}}
| coordinates = {{coord|56.397|-3.43723|45|N|03|26|00|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = UK Scotland#United Kingdom#Europe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Scotland##Location within the United Kingdom##Location within Europe
| pushpin_relief = 1
| area_total_km2 = 17.5
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.info/php/uk-scotland.php?cityid=S19001123 |title=Perth (Perth and Kinross, Scotland, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |website=www.citypopulation.info |access-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172702/http://www.citypopulation.info/php/uk-scotland.php%3Fcityid%3DS19001123 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_total = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Perth}}<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Scotland}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Subdivisions of Scotland|Council Area]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Perth and Kinross]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Lieutenancy areas of Scotland|Lieutenancy Area]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Perth and Kinross]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcode areas]]
| postal_code = [[PH postcode area|PH]]
| area_code = 01738
| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
| utc_offset = ±0
| timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| population_blank1_title = Language(s)
| population_blank1 = [[Scottish English|English]]<br />[[Scots language|Scots]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = Perth in Scotland (cropped).jpg
| alt1 =
| image2 = (looking towards) St John's Kirk, Perth.jpg
| alt2 = St John's Kirk
| image3 = Fair Maid's House, Perth.jpg
| alt3 = Fair Maid's House
| image4 = Perth, court building on the High Street - geograph.org.uk - 2524488.jpg
| alt4 = Municipal Buildings
| image5 = Perth Museum and Art Gallery.JPG
| alt5 = Perth Museum and Art Gallery
}}
| image_caption = Architecture of Perth (from top to bottom): [[St Matthew's Church, Perth|St Matthew's Church]] overlooking the [[River Tay]], [[St John's Kirk]], [[Fair Maid's House]], [[Municipal Buildings, Perth|Municipal Buildings]] and [[Perth Museum and Art Gallery]]
| image_shield = Coa_Scotland_Town_Perth_big.svg
| blank1_name = Airport
| blank1_info = [[Perth Airport, Scotland|Perth Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|PSL]])
| blank2_name = [[Railway Station]]
| blank2_info = [[Perth railway station (Scotland)|Perth railway station]]
}}
 
'''Perth''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Perth.ogg|ˈ|p|ɜr|θ}}; {{lang-gd|Peairt}} {{IPA-gd|pʰɛrˠʃtʲ|}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=154 |title=Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba – Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland – Database |publisher=Gaelicplacenames.org |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202358/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=154 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Faclair LearnGaelic |url=https://learngaelic.net/dictionary/index.jsp?abairt=Peairt&slang=both&wholeword=false |url-status=live |archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date= |website=}}</ref> is a city in central Scotland, on the banks of the [[River Tay]]. It is the [[administrative centre]] of [[Perth and Kinross]] [[council area]] and the historic [[county town]] of [[Perthshire]]. It had a population of about 47,430 in 2018.<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref>
 
There has been a settlement at Perth since [[prehistoric]] times. It is a natural mound raised slightly above the flood plain of the Tay, at a place where the river could be crossed on foot at low tide. The area surrounding the modern city is known to have been occupied ever since [[Mesolithic]] [[hunter-gatherer]]s arrived there more than 8,000 years ago. Nearby [[Neolithic]] standing stones and circles date from about 4,000 BC, a period that followed the introduction of farming into the area.
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The 1701 [[Act of Settlement 1701|Act of Settlement]] brought about [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] uprisings. The city was occupied by Jacobite supporters on three occasions: in 1689, 1715 and 1745. The founding of [[Perth Academy]] in 1760 helped to bring major industries to the city, including the production of [[linen]], [[leather]], [[bleach]] and [[whisky]]. Perth was fortuitously placed to become a key transport centre with the coming of the railways, and its first station was built in 1848.
 
Today, Perth serves as a retail centre for the surrounding area, and in 2018 the city was named ''Scotland's Food Town of 2018'' by the Scottish Food Awards.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200806051759/https://www.perthcity.co.uk/scotlands-food-town/ "Perth, Scotland’s Food Town"] – Perth City</ref> Following the decline of the local whisky industry, the city diversified its economy, building on its long-established presence in the insurance industry to increase its presence in the banking industry.
 
Perth has been known as ''The Fair City'' since the publication of the novel ''[[Fair Maid of Perth]]'' by Scottish writer [[Sir Walter Scott]] in 1828. During the later medieval period the city was also called ''St John's Toun'' or ''Saint Johnstoun'' by its inhabitants&mdash;a reference to its principal church, which was dedicated to St [[John the Baptist]]. This name is preserved in the name of the city's football club, [[St Johnstone F.C.]] The city often refers to itself using the promotional nickname "Gateway to the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]]", a reference to its location.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g186565-i35930887-Perth_Perth_and_Kinross_Scotland.html |title=Perth – gateway to the highlands – Picture of Perth, Perth and Kinross |publisher=TripAdvisor |date=25 September 2011 |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225115/http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g186565-i35930887-Perth_Perth_and_Kinross_Scotland.html |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Perth is twinned with [[Aschaffenburg]], in the [[Germany|German]] state of [[Bavaria]], and there are several places in the world named after Scotland's Perth, including [[Perth|Perth in Western Australia]], [[Perth, Tasmania|Perth in Tasmania]], and [[Perth, Ontario|Perth in Ontario, Canada]].
 
==History==
{{main|History of Perth, Scotland}}
[[File:Fair Maid.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A sculpture of the [[Fair Maid of Perth]], by [[Graham Ibbeson]], sits at the east end of the pedestrianised [[High Street (Perth, Scotland)|High Street]]. It refers to the novel of the same name by Sir [[Walter Scott]].]]
The name ''Perth'' derives from a [[Pictish language|Pictish]] word for ''wood'' or ''copse''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mills |first1=David |title=A Dictionary of British Place-Names |date=20 Oct 2011 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-960908-6 |page=366 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXucAQAAQBAJ |access-date=22 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153303/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tXucAQAAQBAJ&dq |archive-date=22 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> During much of the later medieval period, it was known colloquially by its Scots-speaking inhabitants as "St John's Toun" or "Saint Johnstoun" because the church at the centre of the parish was dedicated to St [[John the Baptist]].<ref name="Graham-Campbell pp1–2">Graham-Campbell ''Perth: The Fair City'' pp1–2</ref> Perth was referred to as "St John's ton" up until the mid-1600s with the name "Perthia" being reserved for the wider area.<ref name="Jansson">{{Cite map |publisher=Jansson, 1659 |title=Scotiae provintiae inter Taum Fluvium, et Septentrionales oras Angliae. |url=http://maps.nls.uk/scotland/detail.cfm?id=140 |cartography=Jan Jansson |access-date=1 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523184716/http://maps.nls.uk/scotland/detail.cfm?id=140 |archive-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> At this time, "Perthia" became "Perth Shyre" and "St John's ton" became known as Perth.<ref name="Jansson" />
 
Perth's Pictish name, and some archaeological evidence, indicate that there must have been a settlement here from earlier times, probably at a point where a river crossing or crossings coincided with a slightly raised natural mound on the west bank of the Tay (which at Perth flows north–south), thus giving some protection for settlement from the frequent flooding.<ref name="Graham-Campbell pp1–2"/> Finds in and around Perth show that it was occupied by the [[Mesolithic]] [[hunter-gatherer]]s who arrived in the area more than 8,000 years ago. Nearby [[Neolithic]] standing stones and circles followed the introduction of farming from about 4,000 BC, and a remarkably well preserved [[Bronze Age]] [[canoe|log boat]] dated to around 1,000 BC was found in the [[mudflats]] of the River Tay at Carpow to the east of Perth.
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Perth developed from an initial plan of two parallel streets: [[High Street (Perth, Scotland)|High Street]] and [[South Street (Perth, Scotland)|South Street]], [[Vennels of Perth|linked by several vennels]] leading north and south. The names of these vennels have historic origins, and many — such as Cow Vennel and [[Butcher|Fleshers]]' Vennel — evoke the trades associated with their foundation. South Street was originally terminated at its eastern end by [[Gowrie House (Perth, Scotland)|Gowrie House]] (site of today's [[Sheriff Court (Perth, Scotland)|Perth Sheriff Court]]). Upon its demolition in the early 19th century, direct access was granted to the river.<ref name=gillon>''Perth History Tour'', Jack Gillon (2020) {{isbn|9781398101425}}</ref>
 
The presence of [[Scone, Perthshire|Scone]] two miles (3&nbsp;km) northeast, the main royal centre of the [[Kingdom of Alba]] from at least the reign of [[Kenneth I]] (843–58), later the site of the major [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] abbey of the same name founded by [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] (1107–24), enhanced Perth's early importance. Perth was considered the effective 'capital' of Scotland, due to the frequent residence of the royal court. [[Royal burgh]] status was soon awarded to the city from [[William the Lion|King William the Lion]] in the early 12th century. During the 12th and 13th centuries, Perth was one of the richest trading burghs in the kingdom (along with such places as [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]], [[Aberdeen]] and [[Roxburgh]]), residence of numerous craftsmen, organised into guilds (the [[metalworker|Hammermen]] or Glovers, for example). Perth also carried out an extensive trade with France, [[The Low Countries]] and the [[Baltic Countries]] with luxury goods being brought back in return, such as Spanish silk and French pottery and wine.<ref name="Graham-Campbell p8">Graham-Campbell ''Perth:The Fair City'' p8</ref> The royal castle (on or near the site of the present [[multi-storey car park]] adjacent to the new council offices), was destroyed by a flood of the Tay in 1209, one of many that have afflicted Perth over the centuries.<ref name="Graham-Campbell p 6">Graham-Campbell ''Perth:The Fair City'' p6</ref> It was never rebuilt and Perth was protected at this time only by partial walls and an inventive water system, [[Perth Lade]], sourced from the River Almond which divided and flowed to the north on one side and the west and south on the other, eventually joining the Tay.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Guthrie |title=Bygone Perth |year=2005 |publisher=Stenlake Publishing |location=Catrine, Ayrshire |isbn=9781840333527 |pages=3–4 |url=http://www.stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=415 |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528201110/http://stenlake.co.uk/books/view_book.php?ref=415 |archive-date=28 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
[[File:Rose Terrace.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Old Academy, Perth|Old Academy]] in [[Rose Terrace (Perth, Scotland)|Rose Terrace]]]]
 
King [[Edward I of England |Edwardedward I]] brought his armies to Perth in 1296, and with only a [[ditch (fortification)|ditch]] for defence and little fortification, the city fell quickly.<ref name="Graham-Campbell p14">Graham-Campbell ''Perth: The Fair City'' p14</ref> Stronger fortifications were quickly implemented by the English, and plans to wall the city took shape in 1304. They remained standing until [[Robert I of Scotland|Robert the Bruce]]'s recapture of Perth in 1312.<ref name="Graham-Campbell pp16–17">Graham-Campbell ''Perth: The Fair City'' pp16–17</ref> As part of a plan to make Perth a permanent English base within Scotland, [[Edward III]] forced six monasteries in [[Perthshire]] and [[Fife]] to pay for the construction of stone defensive walls, towers and fortified gates around the city in 1336. These defences were the strongest of any city in Scotland in the Middle Ages. The last remnant of the wall can be seen in Albert Close (diagonally across from the main entrance to the [[Royal George Hotel, Perth|Royal George Hotel]]).<ref name=official6>''Official Guide to Perth and Its Neighbourhood by the Tramway Car Routes'' – Perth Town Council (1907), p. 6</ref><ref>[https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/perth-kinross/603267/603267/ "Fears over crumbling Perth tenement block"] – ''The Courier'', 19 February 2018</ref>
 
King [[James I of Scotland]] was assassinated in Perth in 1437, by followers of [[Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl]], at [[Blackfriars, Perth|Blackfriars church]].<ref>Brown, "James I (1394–1437)".</ref>
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[[File:Old Perth mercat cross (geograph 3680407).jpg|thumb|200px|A prior version of [[Perth mercat cross|Perth's mercat cross]] was moved to the grounds of nearby [[Fingask Castle]] after it was deemed an obstruction to street traffic]]
 
In May 1559, [[John Knox]] instigated the [[Scottish Reformation]] at grass-roots level with a sermon against 'idolatry' in the burgh kirk of St John the Baptist.<ref>{{cite book |last=Graham |first=Roderick |title=John Knox: Man of Action |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PKlV-mkYDJMC&q=Perth+St+John+the+Baptist+Knox&pg=PA144 |year=2013 |publisher=St Andrew Press |isbn=9780861537150 |page=144 |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821174344/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PKlV-mkYDJMC&lpg=PA144&dq=Perth%20St%20John%20the%20Baptist%20Knox&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q=Perth%20St%20John%20the%20Baptist%20Knox&f=false |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> An inflamed mob quickly destroyed the altars in the kirk, and attacked the Houses of the Greyfriars and Blackfriars, and the [[Carthusian]] Priory. Scone Abbey was sacked shortly afterwards. The regent of infant [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], her mother [[Marie de Guise]], was successful in quelling the rioting but [[presbyterianism]] in Perth remained strong. Perth played a part in the Covenanting struggle and Perth was sacked for two days by Royalist troops after the [[Battle of Tippermuir]] in 1644.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bell |first1=W. F. |title=South Perthshire and the covenanting struggle |journal=Scottish Church History Society |date=1926 |pages=57–64 |url=https://archive.org/stream/rschsv01p1bell#page/57 |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> In 1651, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] was crowned at nearby Scone Abbey, the traditional site of the investiture of Kings of Scots. That same year, [[Oliver Cromwell]] came to Perth following his victory in the [[Battle of Dunbar (1650)|Battle of Dunbar]] and established a fortified citadel on the [[South Inch]], one of five occupation forts built to control Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.perthcity.co.uk/index.asp?pg=61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824192418/http://www.perthcity.co.uk/index.asp?pg=61 |url-status=dead |title=Bridges |archive-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> The restoration of Charles II was not without incident, and with the [[Act of Settlement 1701|Act of Settlement]] in 1701, came the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] uprisings. The city was occupied by Jacobite soldiers in 1689, 1715 and 1745.
 
[[File:Perth_map_of_1832.jpg|thumb|left|An 1832 map of Perth by [[James Gardner (surveyor)|James Gardner]]. It shows only one bridge (Perth Bridge) crossing the Tay. [[Tay Street]] had not yet been built, though some buildings exist on what would be its western side. St John's Kirk is marked]]
 
In 1760, Perth Academy was founded, and major industry came to the city, now with a population of 15,000. [[Linen]], [[leather]], [[bleach]]ed products and [[whisky]] were its major exports. Given its location, Perth was perfectly placed to become a key transport centre with the coming of the [[railway]]s. The first railway station in Perth was built in 1848. Horse-drawn carriages became popular in the 1890s; they were quickly replaced by electric [[tram]]s of [[Perth Corporation Tramways]]. Despite being a [[garrison]] city and undergoing major social and industrial developments during the First World War, Perth remained relatively unchanged. In 1829, with the settlement of the Swan River Colony, in Western Australia, [[Sir George Murray]] wanted it to be named [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] after the place where he was born. The ship ''[[Parmelia (barque)|Parmelia]]'' sailed to Australia to found the new settlement.<ref name=civic>[http://www.perthcivictrust.org.uk/staging/?page_id=480 Civic History of Perth from Medieval Times] – Perth Civic Trust</ref> The old [[Municipal Buildings, Perth|Municipal Buildings]] were completed in 1881, although the Perth and Kinross District Council moved to the former head office of [[General Accident]] at No. [[2 High Street, Perth|2 High Street]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pkc.gov.uk/media/14401/City-Status-Bid-document/pdf/City_Status_Bid_document.pdf?m=636105872603930000 |page=8 |title=The Fair City of Perth: Application for City Status |publisher=Perth and Kinross Council |date=5 April 2010 |access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
 
Today, Perth serves as a retail centre for the surrounding area. This includes a main shopping centre — [[St John's Centre (Perth)|St John's Centre]] — along with a pedestrianised high street and many independent and specialist shops.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal">{{cite web |url=http://www.pkc.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/60DFAFA4-6CEF-4027-8441-C9D2031A9BEC/0/PerthCentralCAAppraisalFinalversion.pdf |title=Perth City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal |publisher=Perth and Kinross Council |access-date=22 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718232028/http://www.pkc.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/60DFAFA4-6CEF-4027-8441-C9D2031A9BEC/0/PerthCentralCAAppraisalFinalversion.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The city also has "an embarrassing abundance of [[public house]]s".<ref name=bowler>[http://tafac.org.uk/perth.pdf ''Perth: The Archaeology and Development of a Scottish burgh''] – David P. Bowler, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Committee (2004), p. 46</ref> Main employers in the city now include [[Aviva]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and [[Scottish and Southern Energy]].<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" />
 
===Heraldry===
The [[coat of arms]] of Perth is: [[Gules (heraldry)|Gules]] a [[Lamb of God|Paschal lamb]] reguardant [[Argent (heraldry)|argent]] haloed [[Or (heraldry)|or]] holding under its right foreleg a flagpole topped with a cross of the second, to which is attached a banner [[Azure (heraldry)|azure]] a saltire argent, all within a [[Orle (heraldry)|tressure]] flory-counter-flory of the last. The shield is [[Supporter (heraldry)|supported]] by a [[double-headed eagle]] or, and the motto is ''PRO REGE, LEGE ET GREGE'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: For the King, the Law and the People).<ref name="heraldry">{{cite book |last=Urquhart |first=R.M. |title=Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry |publisher=Heraldry Today |place=London |date=1973 |isbn=978-0900455247 |pages=108–109}}</ref>
 
The coat of arms dates back to at least the 14th century, and is first recorded, as described, on a seal of 1378. Red and silver are the colours of [[John the Baptist]], the town's patron saint, and the lamb is his symbol. The double-headed eagle, originally a Roman symbol, may refer to a former Roman settlement called "[[Bertha (Perth)|Bertha]]" near where Perth now stands.<ref name="heraldry"/>
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==Governance==
Perth forms part of the [[United Kingdom constituencies|county constituency]] of [[Perth and North Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perth and North Perthshire]], electing one [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. [[Pete Wishart]] of the [[Scottish National Party]] (SNP) is the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] for [[Perth and North Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perth and North Perthshire]].<ref name="Pete Wishart MP">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/pete-wishart/1440 |title=Pete Wishart MP |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608180501/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/pete-wishart/1440 |archive-date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
For the purposes of the [[Scottish Parliament]], Perth forms part of the constituencies of [[Perthshire North (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Perthshire North]] and [[Perthshire South and Kinross-shire (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Perthshire South and Kinross-shire]]. These two constituencies were created in 2011 as two of the nine constituencies within the [[Mid Scotland and Fife (Scottish Parliament electoral region)|Mid Scotland and Fife]] electoral region. Each constituency elects one [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]] (MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. Perthshire North is currently represented by [[John Swinney]]<ref name="John Swinney MSP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/currentmsps/John-Swinney-MSP.aspx |title=John Swinney MSP |publisher=The Scottish Parliament |access-date=27 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608175701/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/msps/currentmsps/John-Swinney-MSP.aspx |archive-date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ([[Scottish National Party|SNP]]) and Perthshire South and Kinross-shire is currently represented by [[Jim Fairlie (MSP)|Jim Fairlie]] ([[Scottish National Party|SNP]]).
 
=== City status ===
[[File:Perthsigns.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Signage in Perth using the term 'city' prior to the reinstatement of city status.]]
The classic definition of Perth has been as a city. In the late-1990s, the [[UK Government]] and the devolved [[Scottish Executive]] re-examined the definition<ref name="Scottish City Status">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/society/rsca-02.asp |title=Review of Scotland's Cities – The Analysis |publisher=[[Scottish Government]] |date=January 2003 |access-date=14 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424174336/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/society/rsca-02.asp |archive-date=24 April 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> of a city and produced a list of approved cities, from which Perth was omitted. It was therefore considered to be a "former city", like [[Brechin]] and [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]].
 
Yet road signs around the borders used the term "The City of Perth", and directional signs within indicated "City Centre". In June 2007, [[Alex Salmond]], the-then [[First Minister of Scotland]], backed a campaign to confer city status on Perth, saying it should be granted "at the next commemorative opportunity".<ref name="Salmond backs bid for city">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/6728337.stm |title=Salmond backs bid for city status |work=BBC News |date=7 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095453/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/6728337.stm |archive-date=10 October 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> The local authority, [[Perth and Kinross Council|Perth and Kinross]], stated that the octennial anniversary of the city in 2009 should create "a foundation for Perth to bid for formal city status".<ref name="foundation for Perth City Status">{{cite news |url=http://www.pkc.gov.uk/Tourism+and+visitor+attractions/Events+and+festivals/Perth+800/800th+Anniversary+of+Perth.htm |title=800th Anniversary of Perth |publisher=Perth and Kinross Council |date=29 May 2009 |access-date=30 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817144928/http://www.pkc.gov.uk/Tourism+and+visitor+attractions/Events+and+festivals/Perth+800/800th+Anniversary+of+Perth.htm |archive-date=17 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
Perth was one of the 26 bidders for city status to mark the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Queen's Diamond Jubilee]] in 2012. On 14 March 2012, Perth's city status was successfully reinstated. It became Scotland's seventh city.<ref name="Perth wins city status">{{cite news |last=Clegg |first=David |title=''Perth gets back its city status'' |page=1 |publisher=The Courier |date=14 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Perth becomes Scotland's seventh city">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17365611 |title=''Perth wins Diamond Jubilee contest to be named seventh Scottish city'' |publisher=BBC News (Tayside and Central Scotland) |date=14 March 2012 |access-date=27 March 2012 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319013149/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-17365611 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] visited Perth on 6 July 2012, for what was the culmination of the Scottish leg of her Diamond Jubilee tour. Her previous visit to the city had been to officially open the [[Perth Concert Hall (Scotland)|Perth Concert Hall]], in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/23744/queen-s-visit-the-crowning-glory-of-perth-s-special-year.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709085852/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/23744/queen-s-visit-the-crowning-glory-of-perth-s-special-year.html |archive-date=9 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}]</ref>
 
==Demography==
In 1891, the population of Perth was 30,768. In 1901, it was 32,872, an increase of 2,104 in ten years.<ref name=official24>''Official Guide to Perth and Its Neighbourhood by the Tramway Car Routes'' – Perth Town Council (1907), p. 24</ref>
{| class="toccolours" style="thumb: left; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align:left;"▼
 
|+'''Perth compared according to [[United Kingdom Census 2001|UK Census 2001]]'''<ref name="Perth Population">{{cite web |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |title=Comparative Population: Perth Locality Scotland |publisher=scrol.co.uk |year=2001 |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163503/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |archive-date=4 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="FifePopulation">{{cite web |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+%26+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |title=Comparative Population: Perth & Kinross Council Area |publisher=scrol.gov.uk |year=2001 |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163611/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+&+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |archive-date=4 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Perth Employment">{{cite web |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |title=Comparative Employment Profile: Perth Locality Scotland |publisher=scrol.gov.uk |year=2001 |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163627/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |archive-date=4 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Perth & Kinross Employment">{{cite web |url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+%26+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |title=Comparative Employment Profile: Perth & Kinross Locality Scotland |publisher=scrol.gov.uk |year=2001 |access-date=4 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163716/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+&+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null |archive-date=4 April 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>▼
▲{| class="toccolours" style="thumb: left; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; font-size: 90%; text-align:left;"
▲|+'''Perth compared according to [[United Kingdom Census 2001|UK Census 2001]]'''<ref name="Perth Population">{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|title=Comparative Population: Perth Locality Scotland|publisher=scrol.co.uk|year=2001|access-date=4 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163503/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|archive-date=4 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="FifePopulation">{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+%26+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|title=Comparative Population: Perth & Kinross Council Area|publisher=scrol.gov.uk|year=2001|access-date=4 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163611/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Population&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+&+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|archive-date=4 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Perth Employment">{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|title=Comparative Employment Profile: Perth Locality Scotland|publisher=scrol.gov.uk|year=2001|access-date=4 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163627/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=Locality&mainText=Perth&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|archive-date=4 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Perth & Kinross Employment">{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+%26+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|title=Comparative Employment Profile: Perth & Kinross Locality Scotland|publisher=scrol.gov.uk|year=2001|access-date=4 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404163716/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/browser/profile.jsp?profile=Employment&mainLevel=CouncilArea&mainArea=Perth+&+Kinross&mainText=&mainTextExplicitMatch=false&compLevel=CountryProfile&compText=&compTextExplicitMatch=null|archive-date=4 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
!
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|}
 
According to the [[2001 UK Census]], Perth had a total population of 43,450.<ref name="Perth Population" /> A more recent population estimate of the city has been recorded as 44,820 in 2008.<ref name="Population Estimates">{{cite web |url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-localities-table2.xls |title=Mid-2008 Population Estimates – Localities in order of size |publisher=General Register for Scotland |year=2008 |access-date=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702235600/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/population-estimates/08mye-localities-table2.xls |archive-date=2 July 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (22%).<ref name="Perth Population" /> The median age of males and females living in Perth was 37 and 40 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.<ref name="Perth Population" />
 
The place of birth of the city's residents was 95.42% United Kingdom (including 87.80% from Scotland), 0.52% Republic of Ireland, 1.18% from other European Union countries, and 1.88% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 57.10% in full-time employment, 12.90% in part-time employment, 6.08% self-employed, 3.29% unemployed, 2.37% students with jobs, 2.84% students without jobs, 14.75% retired, 4.93% looking after home or family, 5.94% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.07% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Perth has low proportions of people born outside the [[European Union]], but has both higher proportions born within the European Union and those over 75 years old.
 
[[File:Perth, Scotland - Bank of Tay.jpg|800px|thumbnail|center|[[River Tay]] and Tay Street. The wooded islands on the right are known as The Stanners<ref>[https://www.pkc.gov.uk/media/3787/Perth-Kinnoull-CA-Appraisal/pdf/Kinnoull_CA_Appraisal_-_whole_doc.pdf?m=636491936139500000 "Kinnoull Conservation Area Appraisal"] – [[Perth and Kinross Council]]</ref>]]
 
===Religion===
[[File:St Ninian&#039;s Cathedral, Perth.jpg|thumb|[[St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth|St Ninian's Cathedral]]]]
[[Christianity]] is the most common religion in the city. In Census 2011, over half of the population of the council area of [[Perth and Kinross]] stated that they belonged to one of the Christian denominations.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Statistical Bulletin - Religion |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/StatsBulletin2A.pdf |website=Census 2011 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> The most popular denomination is the [[Church of Scotland]] which is organised through the Presbytery of Perth. It has nine churches throughout the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Find a church |url=http://www.perthpresbytery.org.uk/findachurch/churches |website=Presbytery of Perth |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> The largest of these is St John's Kirk, in St John's Place. The second most popular Christian denomination is the [[Roman Catholic Church]], which has three churches in the city organised through the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld|Diocese of Dunkeld]]. There is also [[St Mary's Monastery, Kinnoull|St Mary's Monastery]], at [[Kinnoull]] on the eastern edge of the city, which is home to a [[Redemptorist]] congregation.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Mary's Kinnoull |url=https://www.kinnoullmonastery.co.uk/ |website=St. Mary's Kinnoull |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> The [[Scottish Episcopal Church]] is organised through the [[Diocese of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane]] and has two churches in the city ([[St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth|St Ninian's Cathedral]] and [[St John the Baptist Episcopalian Church, Perth|Church of St. John the Baptist]]).
 
There are several other Christian churches in the city; these include the [[Methodism|Methodist Church]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth Methodist Church |url=http://www.perthmethodist.org.uk/ |website=Perth Methodist Church |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref> [[Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth Congregation |url=https://www.fpchurch.org.uk/location/perth-congregation/ |website=Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> the [[Elim Pentecostal Church]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth Elim |url=http://www.perthelim.org.uk/ |website=Perth Elim Pentecostal Church |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> the [[Salvation Army]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth |url=https://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/perth |website=Salvation Army |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> and several smaller [[Protestant]] churches. There is also a [[Quaker]] community in the city,<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth Quaker Meeting |url=https://www.quakerscotland.org/perth |website=Quakers in Scotland |date=27 December 2006 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> as well as a [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints, Perth |url=https://www.localprayers.com/GB/Perth/232677903747370/Church-of-Jesus-Christ-of-Latter-Day-Saints |website=Local Prayers |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
Line 155 ⟶ 153:
The Perth [[Islam]]ic community meet at a mosque on Glasgow Road.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perth Islamic Society |url=https://www.localprayers.com/GB/Perth/116465061780210/Perth-Mosque%2C-Scotland. |website=Local Prayers |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
 
The number of adherents to these religions is in decline. In the 2011 census, almost 40% of respondents indicated that they did not adhere to any religion.<ref name="auto1"/>
 
;Perth's extant places of worship
Line 188 ⟶ 186:
 
;To the east
*[[Kinnoull Hill]] – {{convertcvt|1.5|miles}}, {{convertcvt|728|feet}}
 
;To the south-southeast
*[[Moncreiffe Hill]] – {{convertcvt|2.7|miles}}, {{convertcvt|732|feet}}
 
;To the south-southwest
*[[Friarton Hill]] – {{convertcvt|1.7|miles}}, {{convertcvt|302|feet}}
*[[St Magdalene's Hill]] – {{convertcvt|1.55|miles}}, {{convertcvt|430|feet}}
*[[Hilton Hill]] – {{convertcvt|1.7|miles}}, {{convertcvt|449|feet}}
*[[Mailer Hill]] – {{convertcvt|1.9|miles}}, {{convertcvt|597|feet}}
 
==Climate==
As with most of the [[British Isles]] and Scotland, Perth has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfb'') with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest [[Met Office]] weather station is at [[Strathallan]]. around {{convertcvt|5|mi|km|abbr=on|0}} from the centre of Perth. Perth is one of the mildest places in Scotland. Temperatures extremes since 1960 have ranged from {{convertcvt|-18.6|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in January 1963 to {{convertcvt|31.4|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in July 1995. However, a temperature of {{convertcvt|-21.7|C|F|abbr=on|0}} was recorded on 14 November 1919.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://trevorharley.com/weather_web_pages/british_weather_in_november.htm | title=British_weather_in_November.htm | access-date=12 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053748/http://trevorharley.com/weather_web_pages/british_weather_in_november.htm | archive-date=13 October 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> As well as this, the temperature reached {{convertcvt|31.1|C|F}} on 28 June 2018. The coldest temperature recorded in recent years is {{convertcvt|-17.8|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in December 2010. However, nearby Strathallan reported {{convertcvt|-18.0|C|F|abbr=on|0}} in February 2021.<ref>[https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=03144&lang=en&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2021&mes=02&day=11&hora=08 03144: Strathallan (United Kingdom)] – Ogimet.com</ref> In an average year, the warmest day rises to around {{convertcvt|27|C|F|abbr=on|0}}, and about four days exceed {{convertcvt|25|C|F|abbr=on|0}}.
 
{{Weather box
|width = 88%
|location = Perth (23 m asl, averages 1981–2010, extremes 1960–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.8
|Feb record high C = 15.9
|Mar record high C = 21.4
|Apr record high C = 23.9
|May record high C = 28.1
|Jun record high C = 31.1
|Jul record high C = 31.4
|Aug record high C = 30.3
|Sep record high C = 26.8
|Oct record high C = 24.0
|Nov record high C = 17.7
|Dec record high C = 15.4
|year record high C = 31.4
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 7.1
|Mar high C = 9.2
|Apr high C = 12.2
|May high C = 15.5
|Jun high C = 18.2
|Jul high C = 20.1
|Aug high C = 19.4
|Sep high C = 16.6
|Oct high C = 12.9
|Nov high C = 9.1
|Dec high C = 6.8
|year high C = 12.8
|Jan mean C = 3.7
|Feb mean C = 3.9
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Apr mean C = 8.0
|May mean C = 10.9
|Jun mean C = 13.7
|Jul mean C = 15.6
|Aug mean C = 15.1
|Sep mean C = 12.7
|Oct mean C = 9.2
|Nov mean C = 5.9
|Dec mean C = 3.5
|year mean C = 9.0
|Jan low C = 0.4
|Feb low C = 0.7
|Mar low C = 2.1
|Apr low C = 3.7
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 9.2
|Jul low C = 11.1
|Aug low C = 10.8
|Sep low C = 8.7
|Oct low C = 5.5
|Nov low C = 2.6
|Dec low C = 0.2
|year low C = 5.1
|Jan record low C = -18.6
|Feb record low C = −15.1
|Mar record low C = −11.9
|Apr record low C = −5.3
|May record low C = -3.7
|Jun record low C = -1.1
|Jul record low C = 3.2
|Aug record low C = 2.9
|Sep record low C = -3.6
|Oct record low C = -6.5
|Nov record low C = −10.2
|Dec record low C = −17.8
|year record low C = −18.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 89.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 57.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 58
|Apr precipitation mm = 46.1
|May precipitation mm = 50.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 59
|Jul precipitation mm = 57
|Aug precipitation mm = 65.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 72
|Oct precipitation mm = 96.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 81.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 77.6
|year precipitation mm = 811.3
|Jan sun = 43.1
|Feb sun = 66.2
|Mar sun = 112.4
|Apr sun = 153.3
|May sun = 180.8
|Jun sun = 163.5
|Jul sun = 176.8
|Aug sun = 155.8
|Sep sun = 122.2
|Oct sun = 83
|Nov sun = 61.3
|Dec sun = 32.9
|year sun = 1351.2
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=075130 | title =Weatherbase: Perth, Scotland Records and Averages | access-date =22 November 2011 | publisher =Weatherbase | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221318/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=075130 | archive-date =4 October 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref>
|date=November 2011
|source 2 = Met Office<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfj8cfqv3 |title=Perth climate information |publisher=Met Office |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007172247/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gfj8cfqv3 |archive-date=7 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
 
==Economy==
Line 310 ⟶ 308:
Perth was formerly headquarters of insurance firm [[General Accident]]; however, since General Accident merged with [[Norwich Union]] to form [[Aviva]], the office has been primarily used as a [[call centre]].
 
Perth's city centre is situated to the west of the banks of the River Tay.<ref name="Perth City Centre Map">{{cite web |url=http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?tm=27 |title=Perth City Centre Map |publisher=Visitscotland |access-date=22 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206055414/http://www.perthshire.co.uk/index.asp?tm=27 |archive-date=6 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> The pedestrianised portion of the High Street, which runs from the junction of St John Street to Scott Street, is the main focus of the shopping area.<ref name="Perth City Centre Map" /> The centre has a variety of major and independent retailers. The major retailers are largely based on the High Street, St John Street and the St John's Centre. Independent retailers can be found on George Street, the [[High Street (Perth, Scotland)#Old High Street|Old High Street]] and Canal Street.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" /> A £3&nbsp;million pound project for the High Street and King Edward Street provided new seating, lighting and the laying of natural stone in 2010.<ref name="Perth shopping streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/10984/perth-shopping-streets-get-3-million-makeover.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220071540/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/10984/perth-shopping-streets-get-3-million-makeover.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2011 |title=Perth shopping streets get £3&nbsp;million makeover |publisher=The Courier |date=18 February 2011 |access-date=18 February 2011 }}</ref> A retail park, constructed in 1988, exists to the north-west of the city centre on St Catherine's Road, and provides eight purpose-built units.<ref name="St Catherine's Retail Park">{{cite web |url=http://www.pradera.com/pradera-properties/perth-st-catherines-retail-park |title=Perth: St Catherine's Retail Park |publisher=Pradera |access-date=6 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715111322/http://www.pradera.com/pradera-properties/perth-st-catherines-retail-park |archive-date=15 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
[[McEwens]] department store was in business on St John's Street for almost 150 years. It closed in March 2016.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-35890292 "McEwens of Perth department store closes with the loss of 110 jobs"] – BBC News, 24 March 2016</ref>
 
Before the [[credit crisis]], Perth's economy was growing at 2.6% per year, considerably above the Scottish average of 2.1%. Since the credit crisis, growth has slowed considerably, though still remained above the Scottish average.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investinperth.co.uk/article/4529/Economic-Profile |title=Economic Profile |publisher=Invest in Perth |date=15 July 2013 |access-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234633/http://www.investinperth.co.uk/article/4529/Economic-Profile |archive-date=4 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
The Perth economy is ranked in the Top 10 enterprising [[demographics in Scotland]], with an average of 42.6 registered enterprises per 10,000 residents putting it well above the Scottish average of 30.1.
 
== Culture ==
[[File:Perth Museum and Art Gallery.JPG|thumb|[[Perth Museum and Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:Perth City Hall - view from W.jpg|thumb|[[Perth City Hall]]]]
[[Perth Museum and Art Gallery]], at the eastern end of George Street, is recognised as one of the oldest provincial museums in Scotland.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" /> Another museum, known as the Fergusson Gallery, has, since 1992, been located in the Category A listed former [[Perth Water Works]] building on [[Tay Street]]. This contains the major collection of the works of the artist [[John Duncan Fergusson]].<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" />
 
[[Perth Theatre]] opened in 1900.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/PerthTheatres.htm |title=Theatres in Perth, Scotland |website=www.arthurlloyd.co.uk |access-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108035350/http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/PerthTheatres.htm |archive-date=8 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
It underwent a £10&nbsp;million redevelopment to house new studio space, a youth theatre, construction workshop and a series of front of house performance areas and new main entrance from [[Mill Street (Perth, Scotland)|Mill Street]] in addition to the main focus of the conservation and restoration of the historic Victorian auditorium.<ref name="charcoalblue">{{cite web |url=http://www.charcoalblue.com/projects/being-designed/perth-theatre.html |title=Perth Theatre |publisher=charcoalblue |access-date=7 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708135047/http://www.charcoalblue.com/projects/being-designed/perth-theatre.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Perth Concert Hall, which opened in 2005, was built on the site of the former Horsecross Market.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst11006.html |title=Perth Concert Hall |publisher=Gazetteer for Scotland |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
 
[[Perth City Hall]] has been used as a venue for several high-profile concerts over the years, including [[Morrissey]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buchan |first1=Jamie |title=Wanted: Memories of Perth City Hall for new people's history project |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/perth-kinross/899809/wanted-memories-of-perth-city-hall-for-new-peoples-history-project/ |website=The Courier |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> as well as [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] conferences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104082 |title=Speech to Scottish Conservative Party Conference &#124; Margaret Thatcher Foundation |publisher=Margaretthatcher.org |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005011135/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104082 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The hall is currently being converted into a new heritage and arts attraction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pkc.gov.uk/article/14876/Perth-City-Hall |title=Perth City Hall |publisher=Perth and Kinross Council |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref>
 
The [[New wave music|new-wave]] band [[Fiction Factory]] formed in Perth, and had some success with their hit "[[(Feels Like) Heaven]]" in 1984. The song, which reached number six in the charts, was their biggest hit.
 
The Perth Festival of the Arts is an annual collection of art, theatre, opera and classical music events in the city. The annual event lasts for a couple of weeks and is usually held in May. In recent years, the festival has broadened its appeal by adding comedy, rock and popular music acts to the bill. Perth also has a number of twin cities around the world. These are: [[Aschaffenburg]] in Germany, [[Bydgoszcz]] in Poland, [[Haikou]], [[Hainan]] in China, [[Perth]] in Australia, [[Perth, Ontario|Perth]] in Canada, [[Pskov]] in Russia and [[Cognac, France|Cognac]] in France.<ref name="Archant twinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |access-date=11 July 2013 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Perth is noted for its lively nightlife, with dozens of bars and several nightclubs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Tayside/Perth-307100/Nightlife-Perth-TG-C-1.html |title=Perth Nightlife – Clubs, Bars & Nightlife Tips |publisher=Virtualtourist.com |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005802/http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Tayside/Perth-307100/Nightlife-Perth-TG-C-1.html |archive-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Perth has hosted the [[Royal National Mòd|National Mòd]] in 1896, 1900, 1924, 1929, 1947, 1954, 1963, 1980 and 2004.<ref name=SMO>[http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/mod/ List of Mod's places] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115062253/http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/mod/ |date=15 January 2013 }} for each year on [[Sabhal Mòr Ostaig]] website</ref>
 
=== Landmarks and tourism ===
{{see|List of listed buildings in Perth, Scotland}}
[[File:(looking towards) St John's Kirk, Perth.jpg|thumb|right|[[St John's Kirk]]]]
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Another Category A listed building is the former [[King James VI Hospital]], built in 1750 on the site of the former [[Perth Charterhouse]], which was burned in 1559 during the Reformation.<ref>Cowan & Easson, ''Medieval Religious Houses'', p. 87; Watt & Shead, ''Heads of Religious Houses'', p. 176.</ref>
 
The spire of Category B listed<ref name="St Paul's Church listing">{{Historic Environment Scotland |num=LB39315 |desc=South Methven Street, High Street and St Paul's Square, St Paul's Church |cat=B |fewer-links=yes |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> St Paul's Church, which was completed in 1807 is a major focus point around St Paul's Square at the junction of Old High Street and North Methven Street. The development of the church led to an expansion of the city to the west.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" /> Pullar House on Mill Street was once used by [[J. Pullar and Sons]] dyeworks, the largest industry in Perth at one time, and has since been converted into office use for Perth and Kinross Council in 2000.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" />
 
The Category B listed [[Fair Maid's House]], in North Port, is the oldest surviving secular building in Perth.<ref name="Fothergill, Hendry and Hartley19">Fothergill, Hendry and Hartley, ''Walks Around Historic Perth'', p.19.</ref><ref name="Fair Maid's House restoration">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8413686.stm |title=Revamp for Perth's oldest house |work=BBC News |access-date=15 January 2010 | date=18 September 2011}}</ref> Built on the foundations of previous buildings, parts of the structure date back from 1475.<ref name="Fothergill, Hendry and Hartley19" /> The building was used as the home of Catherine Glover in the novel ''[[The Fair Maid of Perth]]'', which was written by [[Sir Walter Scott]] in 1828.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" />
 
Another bard, [[Robert Burns]], is memorialised with a small statue in a niche above the Robert Burns Lounge Bar, at 5 County Place.<ref name=official11>''Official Guide to Perth and Its Neighbourhood by the Tramway Car Routes'' – Perth Town Council (1907), p. 11</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/@56.3953299,-3.4348846,3a,75y,44.23h,94.05t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sEPK5vQ7Sw-qMtqwSf1uMyA!2e0!7i16384!8i8192 5 County Place] – [[Google Street View]], April 2021</ref> It is the work of a local sculptor William Anderson, the son of noted painter [[David Anderson (artist)|David Anderson]], who was active in the mid-19th century. The statue was installed in 1854 on what was then the sculptor's house. It was later moved to North Methven Street until 1886, then to the 1 Albert Place home of photographer John Henderson, but was returned after Anderson's death.<ref>[https://artuk.org/discover/stories/six-scottish-robert-burns-statues "Six Scottish Robert Burns statues"] – [[Art UK]], 22 January 2020</ref>
 
The nearby City Mills, built to serve [[Perth Lade]] from the [[River Almond, Perth and Kinross|River Almond]], was once the site of industry until the early 19th century. Only the Upper and [[Lower City Mills]] survive to this day.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" /> The Category A listed<ref name="Lower Mills listing">{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB39578 |desc=West Mill Street, Lower City Mills, Tourist Information Centre |cat=A |fewer-links=yes |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> Lower City Mills, which date from 1805, were used for barley and oatmeal, while the Category A listed<ref name="Upper Mills listing">{{Historic Environment Scotland |num=LB39577 |desc=West Mill Street, Ramada Perth Hotel, (Former Upper City Mills) |cat=A |fewer-links=yes |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> Upper Mills of 1792 consisted of two wheat mills connected to a granary.<ref name="Perth City Centre appraisal" />
 
====Conservation====
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==Media==
The sole newspaper based in the city is the ''[[Perthshire Advertiser]]'', owned by [[Trinity Mirror]]. The newspaper's offices are based in Watergate, but the newspaper itself is printed in [[Blantyre, South Lanarkshire|Blantyre]].<ref name="Perthshire Advertiser">{{cite web |url=http://www.mediauk.com/newspapers/13894/perthshire-advertiser |title=Perthshire Advertiser |publisher=Media UK |access-date=24 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026155805/http://www.mediauk.com/newspapers/13894/perthshire-advertiser |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> It outlasted both the ''Perthshire Courier'' (established in 1809) and the ''Perthshire Constitutional and Journal'' (1832).<ref name=leslies191140>[https://digital.nls.uk/dcn6/8573/85730416.6.pdf ''Leslie's directory for Perth and Kinross'' (1911), p. 40]</ref>
 
One of Britain's most successful radio stations, Hospital Radio Perth, broadcasts to [[Perth Royal Infirmary]] and [[Murray Royal Hospital]]. The [[Hospital Broadcasting Association]] have awarded Hospital Radio Perth the title of "British Station of the Year" in 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2007.<ref name="PRI">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk/staff/spectra/Spectra30.pdf |title=Perth Royal Infirmary |publisher=NHS Tayside |access-date=24 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430212255/http://www.nhstayside.scot.nhs.uk/staff/spectra/Spectra30.pdf |archive-date=30 April 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hospital Radio Perth">{{cite web |url=http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk |title=Hospital Radio Perth |publisher=Hospital Radio Perth |access-date=24 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514061258/http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk/ |archive-date=14 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
== Sport and recreation ==
[[File:Dewar's distillery, Perth.jpg|thumb|right|Dewar's Centre, an ice rink, stands on the site formerly occupied by a bonded warehouse for [[Dewar's]] Scotch whisky, pictured here in 1988, shortly before its demolition]]
[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]] is the city's professional [[football (soccer)|football]] club. The team play in the [[Scottish Premiership]] at their home ground, [[McDiarmid Park]], in the [[Tulloch, Perth and Kinross|Tulloch]] area of the city. They won the [[Scottish Cup]] for the first time in 2014, after 130 years without a major trophy.<ref name="St Johnstone Football Club">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/default.stm |title=Clubs in the Scottish Premier League |work=BBC Sport |date=19 January 2011 |access-date=19 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513012621/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/scot_prem/default.stm |archive-date=13 May 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also two [[East of Scotland Football League|East of Scotland League]] clubs based in Perth – [[Jeanfield Swifts F.C.|Jeanfield Swifts]] and [[Kinnoull F.C.|Kinnoull]].
 
The senior [[rugby union|rugby]] team, [[Perthshire RFC]], play their games on the [[North Inch]] in [[Scottish National League Division Three]]. Between 1995 and 1998, professional side [[Caledonia Reds]] played some of their home matches at McDiarmid Park before they merged with [[Glasgow Warriors]].
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[[Perth Leisure Pool]], to the west of the railway station on the Glasgow Road, is the city's swimming centre. The modern leisure pool complex was built in the mid-1980s to replace the traditional public swimming baths (established 1887),<ref name="Perth Leisure Pool">{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Gavin & Ruth |title=Perth in Old Photographs |publisher=Sutton Publishing Limited |year=2000 |page=105}}</ref> which used to sit just off the Dunkeld Road.
 
Adjacent to Perth Leisure Pool is the [[Dewar's]] Centre, which includes an eight-lane ice rink. It has long been a main centre of [[curling]] in Scotland, and many top teams compete in this arena and many major events are held here each year. Curling is available from September to April annually. There is an indoor [[bowls|bowling]] hall, hosting major competitions. Historically, Perth had a successful [[ice hockey]] team, Perth Panthers, who played at the old ice rink on Dunkeld Road. The rink at Dewars is the wrong shape for ice hockey, so when the team reformed in 2000 for two seasons, they played their home games at [[Dundee Ice Arena]]. The Dewar's distillery that stood on the site until 1988 was one of the country's "big three" blenders. Its location was chosen due to its proximity to the General Railway Station, whose tracks behind the western side of the building.<ref>[https://scotchwhisky.com/magazine/features/9016/perth-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-whisky-city/ "Perth: The Rise and Fall of a Whisky City"] – ''Scotch Whisky'' magazine, 20 April 2016</ref> The distillery was one of the city's largest employers.<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Industry_and_Employment_in_Scotland/Kk5YAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 ''Industry and Employment in Scotland''], 1961, p. 62</ref>
 
Perth hosts Scotland's largest [[volleyball]] event every May – the Scottish Open Volleyball Tournament. There is a highly competitive indoor competition held inside Bell's Sports Centre alongside both a competitive and fun outdoor event played on the North Inch. Teams competing traditionally camp alongside the outdoor courts with the campsite being administered by local [[cadet]]s. The Scottish Volleyball Association's annual general meeting is also held at the same time as the tournament.
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====Inches====
{{main|North Inch||South Inch}}
 
[[File:North Inch.jpg|thumb|The [[North Inch]], looking southeast towards the city centre]]
 
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The North Inch is directly north of the city centre, bordered to the south by Charlotte Street and Atholl Street and to the southwest by [[Rose Terrace (Perth, Scotland)|Rose Terrace]], named for [[Thomas Hay Marshall#Personal life|Rose Anderson]], the wife of [[Thomas Hay Marshall]], whose house was on the Atholl Street corner.<ref name=postcard>''Perth: The Postcard Collection'', Jack Gillon (2020) {{isbn|9781398102262}}</ref> A recreational path circumnavigates the entire park.
 
The River Tay bounds it to the east. A little farther to the north is the Inch's eponymous golf course.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pkc.gov.uk/northinchgolf/ |title=North Inch golf course – Perth & Kinross Council |publisher=Pkc.gov.uk |date=17 December 2012 |access-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000651/http://www.pkc.gov.uk/northinchgolf/ |archive-date=5 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
Situated {{convertcvt|0.5|mi|m}} south of the North Inch, directly across the city centre, is the South Inch. The Inches are linked by Tay Street, which runs along the western banks of the Tay. The South Inch is bordered to the north by Marshall Place and Kings Place; to the east by Shore Road; to the south by South Inch View and South Inch Terrace; and to the west by the rear of the houses on St Leonards Bank. The Edinburgh Road passes through its eastern third. The South Inch offers various activities, including bowling, an adventure playground, a skate park, and, in the summer, a bouncy castle. The Perth Show takes place annually on the section of the Inch between the Edinburgh Road and Shore Road.
 
Another park in the city, [[Norie-Miller Walk]], is located across the Tay.
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There are many primary schools in Perth, while secondary education includes [[Perth Academy]], [[Perth Grammar School]], [[Perth High School]], [[St John's Academy]] and [[Bertha Park High School]].
 
Further and higher education, including a range of degrees, is available through [[Perth College UHI]], one of the largest partners in the [[University of the Highlands and Islands]]. It ran a network of learning centres across the area, in [[Blairgowrie and Rattray|Blairgowrie]], [[Crieff]], [[Kinross]] and Pathways in Perth, although these closed in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=New- Learning Centres closing |url=https://www.perth.uhi.ac.uk/news/learning-centres-closing.html |website=UHI Perth College |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> In 2000, an interdisciplinary ''Centre for Mountain Studies'' was established at the college.<ref>{{cite web |title=Centre for Mountain Studies |url=https://www.perth.uhi.ac.uk/subject-areas/centre-for-mountain-studies/ |website=UHI Perth College}}</ref> It also owns AST (Air Service Training) which delivers a range of aircraft engineering courses.
 
==Judicial system==
 
Perth's [[Perth Sheriff Court|Sheriff Court]], on Tay Street, is a Category A [[listed building]]. The building was designed by London architect Sir [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]], built in 1819 and stands on the site of Gowrie House, the place where a plot to kill [[King James VI]] was hatched in 1600.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/coming-to-court/location-information?loc=Perth%20Sheriff%20Court%20and%20Justice%20of%20the%20Peace%20Court |title=Location information |publisher=Scotcourts.gov.uk |access-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230811/http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/coming-to-court/location-information?loc=Perth%20Sheriff%20Court%20and%20Justice%20of%20the%20Peace%20Court |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Perth is also home to a large prison, [[HM Prison Perth]].
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The city itself was [[bypass route|bypass]]ed to the south and east by the M90 in the 1970s and to the west by the A9 in 1986. The M90, A9 and A93 all meet at [[Broxden Junction]], one of the busiest and most important [[road junction]]s in Scotland. Uniquely, all of Scotland's other six cities are signposted from here: [[Glasgow]] and [[Stirling]] via the A9 southbound, Dundee and Aberdeen via the A90, Edinburgh via the M90, and [[Inverness]] via the A9 northbound. The final part of the M90 included the construction of the [[Friarton Bridge]] in 1978 to facilitate travel to Dundee and Aberdeen to the east of the city, finally removing inter-city traffic from the centre.<ref name="Graham-Campbell p139" /> The bridge is the most northerly piece of the [[motorway]] network in the [[United Kingdom]].
 
There are four bridges that cross the River Tay in Perth. The northernmost structure is [[Smeaton's Bridge]] (also known as Perth Bridge and, locally, the Old Bridge), completed in 1771 and widened in 1869, which carries the automotive and pedestrian traffic of West Bridge Street (the A85).<ref name="bridges">{{Cite web |url=https://www.perthcity.co.uk/?pg=60 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016214025/http://www.perfectperth.com/index.asp?pg=60 |url-status=dead |title=Perth City &#124; Perth, Live Life Well &#124; Explore Perthshire |archive-date=16 October 2007 |website=www.perthcity.co.uk}}</ref> A former tollbooth building, on the southern side of the bridge at the [[Bridgend, Perth and Kinross|Bridgend]] end of the bridge, is a category C [[listed building]] dating from around 1800. It was J. S. Lees Fish & Poultry Shop later in its life.<ref>[https://canmore.org.uk/event/904119 J. S. Lees Grocers (Former)] – Canmore.org.uk</ref>
 
Next, some {{convertcvt|500|yards}} downstream, is [[Queen's Bridge, Perth|Queen's Bridge]], which also carries vehicular and pedestrian traffic, this time of South Street and Tay Street. Queen's Bridge was completed in 1960, replacing the old Victoria Bridge (1902–1960), and was opened by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] in October of that year.<ref name="bridges" />
 
The third bridge in the centre of Perth is a single-track railway bridge, carrying trains to and from the railway station, {{convertcvt|0.5|mi|m}} to the north-west. It was completed in 1863. A pedestrian walkway lies on its northern side.<ref name="bridges" />
 
Finally, the southernmost crossing of the Tay inside Perth's boundary is the aforementioned Friarton Bridge.
 
The construction of a fifth bridge farther upstream (north) from the existing bridges was being considered in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/24160/businessman-proposes-new-bridge-tax-to-get-perth-moving.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804231716/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/Perthshire/article/24160/businessman-proposes-new-bridge-tax-to-get-perth-moving.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2012 |title=The Courier – Businessman proposes new 'bridge tax' to get Perth moving |date=4 August 2012}}</ref>
 
[[File:The Royal Scotsman crossing the Tay on the rail bridge at Perth - geograph.org.uk - 2542284.jpg|thumb|''[[The Royal Scotsman]]'' crossing the bridge at Perth]]
 
[[Perth railway station, Scotland|Perth railway station]] has regular services to [[Fife]] and [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station |Edinburghedinburgh Waverley]] via the [[Forth Bridge]], east to Dundee and Aberdeen, south to [[Stirling railway station (Scotland)|Stirling]] and [[Glasgow Queen Street railway station|Glasgow Queen Street]], and north to [[Inverness railway station|Inverness]]; however, as a result of the [[Beeching Axe]], the main line to Aberdeen through [[Strathmore, Angus|Strathmore]] via Coupar Angus and Forfar was closed to passenger traffic in 1967; Aberdeen services have since taken the less direct route via Dundee. Similarly, the direct main line to Edinburgh via [[Glenfarg]], [[Dunfermline]] and the [[Forth Bridge]] was abandoned in 1970 in favour of the longer, more circuitous route via Stirling. This closure was not recommended by Beeching, but allowed the M90 motorway to be built on top of the former the railway alignment in the Glenfarg area. In 1975, most Edinburgh trains were re-routed via Ladybank and the Forth Bridge, with some improvement in journey time.
 
There are two direct trains per day to [[London]] — the ''[[Highland Chieftain]]'', operated by [[London North Eastern Railway]] to [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross]] (from Inverness), while the ''[[Caledonian Sleeper]]'' runs overnight to [[Euston railway station|Euston]].
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A railway station also existed on Princes Street, which was built in the late 18th century to connect the Edinburgh Road to the new bridge. [[Perth Princes Street railway station]] opened on 24 May 1847 on the [[Dundee and Perth Railway]]. It closed to regular passenger traffic on 28 February 1966. The line passes behind Marshall Place and is carried over cross streets by several bridges.<ref name=gillon/>
 
[[Muirton railway station]]'s existence, on the [[Scottish Midland Junction Railway]], was relatively brief, from 1936 to 1959.<ref>{{cite book |last=Quick |first=M E |title=Railway passenger stations in England, Scotland and Wales - a chronology |year=2002 |publisher=Railway and Canal Historical Society |location=Richmond |page=306 |oclc=931112387}}</ref>
 
Local buses are run by [[Stagecoach East Scotland]]. Inter-city bus travel is made from [[Perth bus station|Leonard Street bus station]] and connects to most major destinations in Scotland. The budget [[Megabus (United Kingdom)|Megabus]] service is centred on Broxden Junction, {{convertcvt|2.25|mi}} outside the city centre, and runs direct buses to Scotland's largest cities plus [[Manchester]] and [[London]] in [[England]]. In addition, there is a [[park and ride]] service from the services at Broxden to the city centre.
 
Perth has a small airport. Although it is named [[Perth Airport (Scotland)|Perth Airport]], it is located at [[Scone, Perthshire|New Scone]], {{convertcvt|3.7|mi}} north-east of the city. There are no commercial flights out of this airport, but it is used by private aircraft and for pilot training. The nearest major commercial airports are [[Edinburgh Airport]], [[Glasgow Airport]] and [[Aberdeen Airport]].
 
==Notable people==
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;1200s
* [[William of Perth]] (12th century), Scottish saint who was martyred in England, was born and lived in Perth
 
;1500s
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;1600s
* [[William Wilson (Secession minister)|William Wilson]] (1690–1741), minister, one of the founders of the [[Secession Church]]
 
;1700s
* [[George Murray (British Army officer)|Sir George Murray]] (1772–1846), MP for Perthshire 1824–1832 and 1834–1835, [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]] 1828–1830 and [[Master-General of the Ordnance]] 1834–1835 and 1841–1846. [[Murray House]], Hong Kong and the [[Murray River]], Australia were named after him and the city of [[Perth]], Western Australia, after his birthplace
* [[Robert Crown]], (1753–1841) navy officer, later Admiral of the Imperial Russian navy
 
;1800s
* [[David Octavius Hill]], (1802–1870) FRSA, painter and photographic pioneer
* [[James Duncan (surgeon)|Dr James Duncan FRSE]] (1810–1866) surgeon, manufacturing chemist, Director of Duncan Flockhart & Co
* [[James Craig (VC)|James Craig]], (1824–1861) recipient of the Victoria Cross
* [[Aylmer Cameron]], (1833–1909) recipient of the Victoria Cross
* [[William Vousden]] (1848–1902), recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Sir [[Francis Norie-Miller]] (1859–1947), Insurance Director and Politician
* [[Alexander Souter]] (1873–1949), biblical scholar
* [[John Buchan]] (1875–1940), [[Governor General of Canada]], ''[[The Thirty-Nine Steps]]''
* [[William Soutar]] (1898–1943), poet and diarist, who wrote in both English and [[Braid Scots]]
 
;1900s
* [[Janet Smith case|Janet Smith]] (1902–1924), murder victim
* [[W. H. Findlay]], photographer; took over 25,000 images of Perth over fifty years
* [[Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie|Baron Cameron of Balhousie]] (1920–1985), Marshal of the Royal Air Force
* [[Desmond Carrington]] (1926–2017), BBC Radio 2 DJ
* [[George Mathewson|Sir George Mathewson]] (b. 1940), educated at Perth Academy
* [[Richard Simpson (Scottish politician)|Richard Simpson]] (b. 1942) was educated at Perth Academy
* [[Ann Gloag]] (b. 1942) and [[Brian Souter]] (b. 1954), co-founders Stagecoach Group
* [[Fred MacAulay]] (b. 1956), comedian
* [[John Morgan (etiquette expert)|John Morgan]] (1959–2000), etiquette expert and contributor to Debrett's and ''The Times'' newspaper
* [[Gillian McKeith]] (b. 1959), nutritionist and television personality
* [[Andrew Fairlie (chef)]], (1963–2019), Scottish Chef known for [[Restaurant Andrew Fairlie]]
* [[Ewan McGregor]] (b. 1971), actor
* [[Christopher Bowes]], musician and founding member of Folk Metal band Alestorm
* [[Disappearance of Corrie McKeague|Corrie McKeague]], [[Royal Air Force Regiment]] gunner who disappeared from [[Bury St Edmunds]] town centre on a night out in September 2016
 
;Sport
* [[Frank Christie]], Liverpool football player and East Fife football player and manager
* [[Bobby Moncur]], Scotland and Newcastle United captain
* [[David Wotherspoon (footballer, born 1990)|David Wotherspoon]], football player for St Johnstone
* [[Elena Baltacha]], tennis player
* [[Sergei Baltacha Jr.]], football player, brother of Elena Baltacha, attended Perth High School
* [[Stevie May]], professional football player
* [[Scott Donaldson]], professional snooker player
* [[Eilidh Doyle]], Olympic athlete<ref>{{cite web |title=Eilidh Doyle |url=https://www.teamscotland.scot/athlete/eilidh-doyle/ |website=Team Scotland |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Lisa Evans]], professional football player
* [[Eve Muirhead]], MBE, curler, Olympic gold medallist<ref>{{cite web |title=Eve Muirhead |url=https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/curling/athlete-profile-n1044159-eve-muirhead.htm |website=olympics.com |access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Mili Smith]], curler, Olympic gold medallist<ref>{{cite web |title=Mili Smith |url=https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/curling/athlete-profile-n1044162-mili-smith.htm |website=olympics.com |access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>
 
===Freedom of the City===
The following people, military units, organisations, and groups have received the [[Freedom of the City]] of Perth.
{{Expand list|date=June 2021}}
 
;Individuals
* [[John Buchan]]: 29 September 1933
* [[Francis Norie-Miller|Sir Francis Norie-Miller]]: 29 September 1933
* [[George VI|Duke of York]]: 10 August 1935
* [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Duchess of York]]: 10 August 1935
* [[William Mackenzie, 1st Baron Amulree|Sir William Mackenzie]]: 18 March 1938
* [[Arthur Kinmond Bell]]: 18 March 1938
* [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|FM Lord Wavell]]: 19 July 1947
* [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]]: 19 July 1947
* [[Anthony Eden|Sir Anthony Eden]]: 12 May 1956
* [[Norie-Miller baronets|Sir Stanley Norie-Miller]]: 14 September 1961
* [[Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie|MRAF Sir Neil Cameron]]: 26 August 1978
* [[David Kinnear Thomson]]: 30 October 1982
* [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]]: 6 July 2012
* [[Melville Jameson|Brig Sir Melville Jameson]]: 18 June 2019
 
;Military units
* The [[Black Watch|Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)]]: 19 July 1947<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViQpmqXR-3k |title=Perth Honours Black Watch (1947) |last=British Pathé |date=13 April 2014 |via=YouTube |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410194022/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViQpmqXR-3k |archive-date=10 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[Royal British Legion]] (Scotland): 8 May 2004
* [[51st Highland Volunteers]] The [[Royal Regiment of Scotland]]: 8 May 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/perth-kinross/916349/queens-ambassador-in-perth-poised-to-get-freedom-of-city-honour/ |title=Queen's ambassador in Perth poised to get Freedom of City honour |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710235721/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/perth-kinross/916349/queens-ambassador-in-perth-poised-to-get-freedom-of-city-honour/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
;Organisations and groups
* [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone Football Club]]: 23 June 2021<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Kathryn |title=Double winners St Johnstone granted Freedom of the City of Perth by councillors |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/double-winners-st-johnstone-granted-24379265 |website=Daily Record |access-date=24 June 2021 |language=en |date=2021-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=St Johnstone to be awarded Freedom of Perth after cup double win |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-57532398 |website=BBC News |access-date=24 June 2021 |date=2021-06-18}}</ref>
 
==References==
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* [http://www.perthcity.co.uk/ Perth City official website]
* [https://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townhistory155.html Perth] – ''Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Graphic and Accurate Description of Every Place in Scotland'', [[Francis Hindes Groome]] (1901)
* [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Perth_The_Postcard_Collection/UlguEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq= ''Perth: The Postcard Collection''] – Jack Gillon (2020)
* [https://www.electricscotland.com/history/perth/ ''Perth, the Ancient Capital of Scotland: The Story of Perth from the Invasion of Agricola to the Passing of the Reform Bill in 2 volumes'' by Samuel Cowan J.P. (1904)]
 
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[[Category:Perth, Scotland| Perth]]
[[Category:Large burghs]]
[[Category:Cities in Scotland]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth,_Scotland"