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Haplogroup F-M89: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry}}
{{About|the human Y-DNA haplogroup|the human mtDNA haplogroup|Haplogroup F (mtDNA)}}
{{Infobox haplogroup
|name=F-M89
|map=Haplogroup F (Y-DNA).PNG
|origin-date=57,500–62,500;(Raghavan 2014);<ref name ="nature">Estimated time that F split from C = 70,000–75,000 BP; estimated time when G split from HIJK = 45,000-50,000 {{cite journal | last1 = Raghavan | first1 = M. | display-authors = etal | year = 2014 | title = Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans | journal = Nature | volume = 505 | issue = 7481| pages = 87–91 | doi = 10.1038/nature12736 | pmid=24256729 | pmc=4105016| bibcode = 2014Natur.505...87R }}</ref><br /> 45,000–55,700 BP (Karafet 2008);<ref name=Karafet2008/><br /> 43,000–56,800 BP (Hammer & Zegura 2002).<ref name="Hammer & Zegura 2002"/>
|origin-place=[[South Asia]]<ref>Kivisild et al 2003, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC379225/?tool=pubmed The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations]</ref><ref>Sengupta et al 2005, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380230/?tool=pubmed Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists]</ref><ref>Sanghamitra Sahoo et al 2006, [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/4/843.full.pdf+html A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios]</ref><ref>[http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050269 Arunkumar et al 2012]</ref> or [[Southeast Asia]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hallast|first1=Pille|last2=Agdzhoyan|first2=Anastasia|last3=Balanovsky|first3=Oleg|last4=Xue|first4=Yali|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=Chris|date=2020-07-14|title=A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes|journal=Human Genetics|volume=140|issue=2|pages=299–307|language=en|doi=10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9|pmid=32666166|pmc=7864842|issn=1432-1203|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|ancestor=[[Haplogroup CF (Y-DNA)|CF]]
|descendants= Primary: [[Haplogroup F1 (Y-DNA)|F1]], [[Haplogroup F2 (Y-DNA)|F2]], [[Haplogroup F3 (Y-DNA)|F3]], [[haplogroup GHIJK|GHIJK]].
|mutations=M89/PF2746, L132.1, M213/P137/Page38, M235/Page80, P14, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145, P146, P148, P149, P151, P157, P158, P159, P160, P161, P163, P166, P187, P316
|members=
}}
'''Haplogroup F''', also known as '''F-M89''' and previously as '''Haplogroup FT''' is a very common [[Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup|Y-chromosome haplogroup]]. The clade and its [[subclade]]s constitute over 90% of paternal lineages outside of Africa.
 
The vast majority of individual males with F-M89 fall into its direct descendant '''[[Haplogroup GHIJK]]''' (F1329/M3658/PF2622/YSC0001299).<ref name="isogg2015">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpF.html ISOGG, 2015, ''Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015''] (8 September 2015).</ref> in addition to GHIJK, haplogroup F has three other immediate descendant subclades: '''F1''' (P91/P104), '''F2''' (M427/M428), and '''F3''' (M481). These three, with F* (M89*), constitute the [[paragroup]] '''F(xGHIJK)'''. They are primarily found throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia.
 
Haplogroup GHIJK branches subsequently split into two direct descendants: [[Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)|G]] (M201/PF2957) and [[Haplogroup HIJK|HIJK]] (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). HIJK in turn splits into [[Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)|H]] (L901/M2939) and [[haplogroup IJK (Y-DNA)|IJK]] (F-L15). The descendants of the haplogroup IJK include the clades [[haplogroup I (Y-DNA)|I]], [[haplogroup J (Y-DNA)|J]], [[haplogroup K (Y-DNA)|K]], and, ultimately, several major haplogroups descended from Haplogroup K, namely: haplogroups [[haplogroup M (Y-DNA)|M]], [[haplogroup N (Y-DNA)|N]], [[haplogroup O (Y-DNA)|O]], [[haplogroup P (Y-DNA)|P]], [[haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)|Q]], [[haplogroup R (Y-DNA)|R]], [[haplogroup S (Y-DNA)|S]], [[haplogroup L (Y-DNA)|L]], and [[haplogroup T (Y-DNA)|T]].
 
==Origins==
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===F(xG,H,I,J,K)===
A lack of precise, high resolution testing in the past makes it difficult to discuss F*, F1, F2* and F3* separately. [[ISOGG]] states that F(xG,H,I,J,K) has not been well studied, occurs "infrequently" in modern populations and peaks in [[South Asia]], especially [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="isogg2015">[http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpF.html ISOGG, 2015, ''Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015''] (8 September 2015).</ref> It also appears to have long been present in [[South East Asia]]. However, the possibility of misidentification is considered to be relatively high and some cases may in fact belong to misidentified subclades of Haplogroup GHIJK. This was, for instance, the case with the subclade [[Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)#Haplogroup H2 .28P96.29|Haplogroup H2]] (P96), which was originally named "F3", i.e. – a name that has since been reassigned to F-M481.
 
F(xF1,F2,F3) has been reported among 10% of males in Sri Lanka, 5.2% of males across India (including up to 10% of males in South India), 5% in Pakistan, as well as lower levels among the [[Tamang people]] (Nepal), and in [[Iran]].
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